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Query: UMLS:C0014848 (achalasia)
 2,804 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and diagnostic features of a secondary type of achalasia of the esophagus are described in seven patients with various types of malignancies. Patients with secondary achalasia presented with dysphagia of short duration and marked weight loss; mean age was 64 years. Esophageal manometry showed features identical to those of idiopathic primary achalasia: aperistalsis, poor lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, and elevated sphincter pressure. Endoscopy and barium swallow showed evidence of a tumor in only two cases. Various types of malignancies may produce a secondary form of achalasia that has diagnostic features identical to those of primary achalasia and is best identified by its clinical presentation.
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PMID:Achalasia secondary to carcinoma: manometric and clinical features. 68 41

A case of symptomatic esophageal achalasia due to a slowly growing neoplastic infiltration of the esophageal wall by a mammary indifferentiated carcinoma operated ten years before is presented. At admission, the clinical history and the endoscopic appearance of the esophageal lumen and mucosa led to the diagnosis of idiopathic achalasia, while the esophageal manometry showed a rather long high pressure zone (6--8 cm), which did not relax with deglutition. Barium study confirmed the length of the achalasic tract. Only thoracotomy permitted a correct diagnosis. On the basis of this case achalasia is thus considered as a syndrome which can be either idiopathic or secondary to Trypanosoma cruzi, high troncular vagotomy, benign or malignant tumor infiltrating the esophageal wall. The difficult diagnosis of some cases from the clinical point of view is underlined. Stress is laid on the necessity that all findings (history, radiology, endoscopy, manometry) be carefully evaluated to reach a preoperative diagnosis.
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PMID:[Achalasia caused by infiltrating carcinoma of the esophagus. Clinical case and physiopathological considerations]. 69 94

A patient with achalasia and neurologic deficit permitting intermittent nasopharyngeal reflux developed unilateral maxillary sinusitis. Heavy metal density in the center of the inflamed sinus almost certainly was barium sulfate refluxed during an upper gastrointestinal study.
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PMID:Reflux of barium into a maxillary antrum. 72 88

Only 18 or 83 patients who had had a cardiomyotomy for achalasia could be induced to reflux barium. Mucosal herniation through the myotomy was shown in most by radiography. Perfusion manometry showed a higher pressure zone in the oesophagogastric junction region in 22 of 24 patients studied. This high pressure zone responded to an increment in abdominal pressure by a greater increment. The same response was seen in a patient with a small hiatal hernia and myotomy. We concluded that the persisting high pressure zone seen by perfusion manometry is likely to be caused by the hiatus, and that the hiatus rather than the sphincter is likely to be responsible for the incremental response of the high pressure zone to increased abdominal pressure. The anti-reflux mechanism after cardiomyotomy is more likely to be the hiatal mechanism than persisting sphincter fibres.
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PMID:The anti-reflux mechanism after cardiomyotomy. 72 25

56 patients with achalasia of the esophagus were reviewed in a retrospective study to compare the results of a forceful pneumatic dilation with those of a Heller esophagomyotomy. 22 of 33 patients treated with forceful dilation (67%), showed relief of dysphagia and reduction in the average esophageal diameter by barium swallow during the follow-up period (mean = 6.5 years). In 2 patients (6%), forceful dilation was complicated by esophageal perforation, promptly diagnosed, and successfully treated at surgery in both patients. 21 out of 23 patients who underwent esophagomyotomy (91%) showed permanent relief of symptoms and improvement by endoscopic and radiographic criteria. There were no significant postoperative complications during the follow-up period ranging between 1.5 and 10.0 years. The results of this study indicate that esophagomyotomy constitutes a more effective therapeutic modality than forceful dilation (P less than 0.05). Although esophageal dilation has a place in the treatment of early achalasia, esophagomyotomy appears to be a safer and a more successful form of treatment, of particular value in advanced esophageal disease and in those instances where pneumatic dilation fails to result in immediate clinical improvement.
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PMID:Achalasia of the esophagus. A reappraisal of esophagomyotomy vs forceful pneumatic dilation. 116 19

Twenty-four patients underwent combined Collis-Belsey reconstruction of the esophagogastric junction. The primary indication for operation in 19 patients was gastroesophageal reflux. Three patients had achalasia, one diffuse spasm, and one an incarcerated combined sliding and paraesophageal hernia. Postoperatively, symptoms were relieved in all 19 patiients undergoing repair for gastroesophgeal reflux with or without peptic strictures of the esophagus, and barium swallows showed no gastroesophageal reflux. Preoperative average mean and peak pressures in the distal esophageal high pressure zone (HPZ) were 1.38 and 2.72 mm. Hg, respectively; two thirds had no measurable HPZ. Postoperative mean and peak pressures were 6 and 12.36 mm. Hg, respectively; average HPZ length was 2.81 cm. Of 19 patients with massive reflux preoperatively, postoperative acid reflux testing demonstrated no reflux in 14 and minimal to moderate reflux in five. Collis-Belsey reconstruction ot the esophagogastric junction effectively relieves symptoms and controls the complications of gastroesophageal reflux.
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PMID:Collis-Belsey reconstruction of the esophagogastric junction. Indications, physiology, and technical considerations. 124 55

In 43 patients with achalasia (postoperative 18, post-dilatation 15, preoperative 10, and 10 normal people) esophageal manometry, esophageal emptying barium test and endoscopy were employed. The results showed that the esophageal emptying index EEI was 13.3 +/- 9.0 in the postoperative group, 4.7 +/- 7.6 in the post dilatation group, 50.0 +/- 17.4 in the normal group, 2.9 +/- 4.3 in the preoperative group. A linear relationship was seen between EEI and the lower esophageal barium retention area (So) (t = -5.00, P < 0.001). In patient with higher EEI and smaller So stronger esophageal emptying function was noted at swallowing. 80% of patients with less than 12 esophageal anti-reflux index (ARI) suffered from gastroesophageal reflux EEI and ARI can evaluate not only the esophageal motor functions but also the therapeutic effects of different treatment methods. The therapeutic effects are determined by esophageal peristalsis pressure and LES relaxation rate after LES is relaxed.
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PMID:[Manometry indexes for evaluating esophageal function in patients with achalasia]. 130 38

With the increasing availability of manometry, patients with achalasia are often referred at an early stage when they lack the classic features of established disease. A prospective five year study of the presenting features of untreated achalasia referred to our department was undertaken. Twenty men and 18 women presented throughout adult life, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 44 years (range 17 to 76 years). The presenting symptoms were dysphagia: for solids (100%) and for liquids (97%), chest pain (74%), and weight loss (60%). Endoscopy was reported as normal in 15 patients and achalasia was suggested in only 21 of 33 barium examinations. Fourteen had been treated for gastrooesophageal reflux but none had been misdiagnosed as having cardiac or psychiatric disease. The annual incidence of achalasia in the Lothian region is 0.8/100,000 of population. Persistent dysphagia is the cardinal symptom of achalasia which presents throughout adult life. Nevertheless, recent onset achalasia is often misdiagnosed as gastrooesophageal reflux disease. Because endoscopy is frequently normal and the diagnosis is often not made by radiology, manometric investigation is necessary if the condition is to be recognised and treated at an early stage.
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PMID:Five year prospective study of the incidence, clinical features, and diagnosis of achalasia in Edinburgh. 139 23

Two cases of dysphagia, in which radiology led to an incorrect diagnosis, are described. In case I the X-ray barium swallow showed only minor oesophageal dilatation with no apparent delay in emptying or abnormality of the cardias, yet achalasia was diagnosed by oesophageal manometry. In case 2, although the barium swallow strongly suggested achalasia, manometry showed a less severe motility disorder characterized by lower oesophageal sphincter dysfunction and normal peristalsis. Correct diagnosis obtained with manometry was supported by the different clinical course of the two patients during a 2 year follow up. Oesophageal manometry should always be performed when radiology and/or the patient's history suggest the presence of a motility disorder of the oesophagus since a correct diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment and follow-up.
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PMID:Importance of oesophageal manometry in the diagnosis of oesophageal motility disorders. Report of two cases. 140 33

In five of seven siblings of healthy parents, dysphagia developed during adolescence or early adult life. A barium swallow was normal in one patient but showed appearances considered to be consistent with achalasia in all others. Oesophageal manometry was successfully performed in four of the five patients, including the patient with symptoms but normal radiological appearance. One patient had achalasia, two had oesophageal body motor dysfunction associated with a hypertensive, but normally relaxing lower oesophageal sphincter, and one had diffuse oesophageal spasm alone. The occurrence of three different oesophageal dysmotility disorders within members of a single sibship suggests that these conditions are intimately related and probably genetically determined as an autosomal recessive trait.
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PMID:Familial coexistence of achalasia and non-achalasic oesophageal dysmotility: evidence for a common pathogenesis. 144 73


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