Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014848 (achalasia)
 2,804 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adrenal insufficiency has been associated with adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenomyeloneuropathy. In these diseases, plasma very long chain fatty acids are elevated. Peripheral neuropathy is frequently seen in adults with adrenomyeloneuropathy. We encountered two first cousins with adrenal insufficiency, who also developed peripheral neuropathy, achalasia, alacrima, and microcephaly. However, plasma very long chain fatty acids, pipecolic acid, phytanic acid, and cranial computed tomographic scan were normal. Muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes were also normal. This syndrome of adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, alacrima, microcephaly, and peripheral neuropathy is different from either adrenomyeloneuropathy or adrenoleukodystrophy.
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PMID:Familial adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, alacrima, peripheral neuropathy, microcephaly, normal plasma very long chain fatty acids, and normal muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. 800 62

Human adrenal development is a complex and relatively poorly understood process. However, significant insight into some of the mechanisms regulating adrenal development and function is being obtained through the analysis of individuals and families with adrenal hypoplasia. Adrenal hypoplasia can occur: (1) secondary to defects in pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) synthesis, processing and release (secondary adrenal hypoplasia; e.g. HESX1, LHX4, SOX3, TPIT, pituitary POMC, PC1); (2) as part of several ACTH resistance syndromes (e.g. MC2R/ACTHR, MRAP, Alacrima, Achalasia, Addison disease), or as (3) a primary defect in the development of the adrenal gland itself (primary adrenal hypoplasia; e.g. DAX1/NR0B1 - dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome 1). Indeed, the X-linked form of primary adrenal hypoplasia due to deletions or mutations in the orphan nuclear receptor DAX1 occurs in around half of male infants presenting with a salt-losing adrenal crisis, where no obvious steroidogenic defect (e.g. 21-hydroxylase deficiency), metabolic abnormality (e.g. neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy) or physical cause (e.g. adrenal haemorrhage) is found. Establishing the underlying basis of adrenal failure can have important implications for investigating associated features, the likely long-term approach to treatment, and for counselling families about the risk of other children being affected.
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PMID:Disorders of adrenal development. 1849 31