Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014848 (achalasia)
 2,804 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer excepted all other diseases of the esophagus are rare. Diverticula, benign tumors, perforations and the pathology of the cardia (hiatus hernia, achalasia and esophageal varices) are not studied here. We took into consideration the following diseases only: spasm of the cricopharyngeal muscle, Plummer-Vinson or Kelly-Paterson syndrome, cervical osteophytosis, dysphagia lusoria, benign and malignant mediastinal lymphatic nodes, Schatzki ring of the lower esophagus and esophageal duplications.
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PMID:[Some rare diseases of the esophagus (author's transl)]. 22 8

The purpose of this paper is to report the experience acquired in pneumatic dilatation in achalasia of the esophagus up to 1990. Two hundred and six patients were studied in that period (X 50, 7 years, M/F 1:1). According to X Rays the distribution was: grade I 17.4%, grade II 54.8%, grade III 14% and grade IV 13.5%. The associated esophageal pathology was: hiatus hernia 9.7%, esophagitis 5.8%, benign stenosis 2.4%, cancer 1.4%, ulcer and diverticula 0.9% and Schatzki's ring and leiomyoma 0.4% respectively Serology for Chagas disease was positive in 23% Chagasic megacolon was more frequent than chagasic heart disease (4.3% Vs. 1.4%). Out of these, one hundred and twenty patients were treated by pneumatic dilatation. To this group we shall refer in more detail. One hundred ant two patients were dilated once and the remaining 18 twice. Esophageal manometry showed a vigorous pattern in 7.7%. The LES' pressure pre-treatment was 24.5 mm Hg and post-dilatation 13.7 mm Hg in 75.8% of the cases the result was good. The morbidity was 5% and the mortality 0.7%. Relapse was seen in 25.8% of the cases. The follow-up was X 38 months. We conclude that pneumatic dilatation is the election procedure in the treatment of achalasia since it offers good results with low morbimortality. Surgery is indicated after failure of 2 dilatations, in children, and association with esophageal neoplasms, hiatus hernia and esophageal diverticula.
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PMID:[Esophageal achalasia: 20 years' experience with non surgical treatment]. 181 99

Benign stenoses of the oesophagus have been conventionally treated by endoscopic bougienage and were operated on in case of failure. Now that balloon catheters with large balloon diameters are available, interventional radiological dilatation of enteric strictures can be easily performed. In case of eccentric high-grade stenosis with or without blind loop, stenosis is often easier to manage and associated with less risk with an angiographic guide wire and catheter than by endoscopy. 53.3% of the patients were referred to balloon dilatation after failed endoscopic bougienage. The indications for balloon dilatation were anastomotic stenosis (66.2%), peptic stenosis (16.9%), achalasia (7%), pylorospasm (5.6%) and stenosis due to pemphigus vulgaris, acid ingestion and (in one case) a Schatzki ring. The complication rate was low at 1%. The experience collected with 297 dilatations in 71 patients with benign oesophageal stenosis, is reported.
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PMID:[Balloon dilatation of benign esophageal stenoses]. 184 92

A total of 538 dilations were performed upon 293 patients evaluated at our unit. Of these, 4.8 per cent had cervical webs, 3.0 per cent had cricopharyngeal dysfunction, 9.2 per cent had undetermined cause, 3.4 per cent had achalasia, 65.5 per cent had peptic strictures, 3.8 per cent had Schatzki's ring, 2.4 per cent had esophagitis, 6.1 per cent had postoperative strictures, 0.3 per cent had caustic stricture and 1.4 per cent had extrinsic compression. True dysphagia should always be investigated through a careful history, physical examination, barium study, endoscopy and, infrequently, esophageal manometry.
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PMID:Endoscopic evaluation of dysphagia in two hundred and ninety-three patients with benign disease. 669 9

History taking is the first step in the evaluation of a patient. An analysis of the information obtained provides the basis for the choice and order of diagnostic tests. In addition, it provides the clinician with the necessary information to determine the relevance of "abnormal tests" to the patient's problem. Dysphagia is a reliable symptom that indicates an abnormality in the swallowing mechanism. The history should contain a detailed description of the symptoms associated with dysphagia from the onset. Especially relevant are questions to determine if dysphagia is experienced every day or intermittently, with solid food or liquids or both, as well as presence and timing of associated symptoms such as, choking, coughing and regurgitation, changes in speech, heartburn and chest pain. It is clinically useful to divide swallowing into three phases: oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. Oral dysphagia is usually due to a neurologic disorder, decreased salivary flow or painful oropharyngeal lesions. Pharyngeal dysphagia is most frequently caused by neuromuscular disorders and less frequently by a Zenker's diverticulum, neoplasm or a mucosal web. Esophageal dysphagia is caused by a structural narrowing, such as produced by a peptic stricture, neoplasm or a Schatzki's ring or by a primary motility abnormality, such as achalasia or diffuse esophageal spasm or by motility abnormalities produced by inflammation caused by gastroesophageal reflux, medication-induced esophageal ulceration or infectious esophagitis.
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PMID:Art and science of history taking in the patient with difficulty swallowing. 846 26

The classic teaching in performance and interpretation of diagnostic studies is that "children are not small adults." The purpose of this article is to show a spectrum of "adult" disease entities that can occur, but are not usually considered in the pediatric population: cricopharyngeal achalasia, Schatzki's ring, achalasia, Helicobacter pylori, pancreatic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the colon, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, malignant melanoma, hydatidiform mole, renal cell carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma of the ovary and sarcoidosis. Radiologists interpreting pediatric imaging should recognize these entities and perform an appropriate diagnostic workup.
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PMID:Adult diseases in children. 1019 1

Although a variety of diagnostic procedures are often performed on patients with pharyngeal or esophageal symptoms, barium esophagography is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and readily available test that can simultaneously evaluate swallowing function, esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, and a host of structural abnormalities in the pharynx and esophagus. This article reviews the role of barium esophagography for assessing swallowing function, morphologic abnormalities of the pharynx (diverticula, webs, and carcinoma), esophageal motility disorders (achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm), and morphologic abnormalities of the esophagus (reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, infectious esophagitis, drug-induced esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, Schatzki's ring, and esophageal carcinoma).
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PMID:Barium esophagography: a study for all seasons. 1808 69

Gastroesophageal reflux disease affects more than 10% of the adult population. Most patients can be effectively treated with lifestyle changes and adequate acid-reducing therapy. However, about 10% of the patients remain symptomatic despite treatment and severe complications may develop. Interestingly, some of these complications seem to be a sort of defensive mechanism that may either alleviate the patient's symptoms or prevent developing further complications. In Barrett's esophagus, which can be unambigously considered as a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux symptoms ruining the quality of life may significantly improve, since the metaplastic Barrett epithelium is much more resistent to gastric acid, than the normal epithelial lining of the esophagus. Furthermore, the motility disorders (hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, achalasia, cricopharyngeal achalasia) and structural changes (Schatzki's ring, esophageal stricture, subglottic trachea stenosis), which develop as a complication of reflux may help to prevent aspiration that can cause new complaints and may lead to further complications. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(20): 763-769.
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PMID:[Esophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease: consequences or defensive reactions?] 2850 10