Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014848 (achalasia)
 2,804 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty-two persons with chronic abdominal pain, submucosal or extrinsic masses, or achalasia and 20 volunteers without symptoms were prospectively examined with endosonography to assess the incidence and features of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In 99 persons without malignant disease, 86% were found to have paraesophageal lymph nodes by endosonography. Overall, 352 lymph nodes were found, with a mean of 3.6 +/- 2.8 SD lymph nodes per person (range, 0 to 14 lymph nodes). Increasing age and chronic pancreatitis were found to correlate with a greater number of lymph nodes. Otherwise, clinical features including quantity of tobacco use, height, weight, sex, and race did not correlate with a greater number of lymph nodes as assessed by regression analysis. The mean width and length among the lymph nodes was 4.9 +/- 2.4 mm (range, 1 to 15 mm) and 9.9 +/- 5.2 mm (range, 1 to 30 mm), respectively, with the largest lymph nodes occurring in the peritracheal and peribronchial regions. Of all subjects, 95% had a maximum lymph node width of 10 mm or less, but only 40% had a maximum lymph node length of 10 mm or less. The most common ultrasound features of these lymph nodes included a triangular or crescent-shaped and homogeneous or centrally echogenic pattern. These ultrasound characteristics were distinct from those previously described in malignant lymph nodes. In summary, a high background prevalence of mediastinal lymph nodes exists as detected by endosonography and must be considered when performing esophageal or lung carcinoma staging examinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mediastinal lymph node detection with endosonography. 829 2

Peritoneal mesothelioma has been increasing in frequency since the 1960s. Although still a rare malignant neoplasm, early diagnosis influences prognosis. More common presenting features include abdominal pain, abdominal distension or a palpable mass; more uncommon presentations have included dysphagia secondary to achalasia, chronic pancreatitis and regional lymphadenopathy. We report two recent cases at the Southern General Hospital in Glasgow.
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PMID:Peritoneal mesothelioma with gastric outlet obstruction. 887 13

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and management of various pediatric GI disorders. While the pace of development of pediatric GI endoscopy has increased over the years, it remains sluggish compared to the advancements in GI endoscopic interventions available in adults. The predominant reasons that explain this observation include lack of formal training courses in advanced pediatric GI interventions, economic constraints in establishing a pediatric endoscopy unit, and unavailability of pediatric-specific devices and accessories. However, the situation is changing and more pediatric GI specialists are now performing complex GI procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography for various pancreatico-biliary diseases and more recently, per-oral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia cardia. Endoscopic procedures are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality compared to open surgery for GI disorders. Notable examples include chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic fluid collections, various biliary diseases, and achalasia cardia for which previously open surgery was the treatment modality of choice. A solid body of evidence supports the safety and efficacy of endoscopic management in adults. However, additions continue to be made to literature describing the pediatric population. An important consideration in children includes size of children, which in turn determines the selection of endoscopes and type of sedation that can be used for the procedure.
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PMID:Advanced Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children - Today and Tomorrow. 2922 23