Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014848 (achalasia)
 2,804 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five dogs with achalasia were examined pre- and post-operatively. Photos were taken of the diseased oesophagus, cardia, cardia with retroversion and the cardia following surgery. The normal structures are also shown.
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PMID:[Gastroscopic photo report of achalasia in the dog]. 73 60

Achalasia of the cardia frequently presents as dysphagia in middle age. In the elderly, dysphagia is usually due to a neoplasm of the oesophagus or cardia. The authors have been interested to see five patients over the age of 70 presenting with oesophageal symptoms due to achalasia which is uncommon in this age group and may be mistaken for neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Achalasia of the cardia in elderly patients. 73 85

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of achalasia, adult mongrel dogs were used for experimental research on the blood flow to the esophagus following bilateral cervical vagotomy. The control group consisted of forty dogs which were subjected to acute experiment. Thirty dogs were sacrificed for induced-achalasia-like animal. However only seven of them were eligible for this study. The measurement of the blood flow was taken from two sites of the esophagus by using the thermoelectrical method, the upper one was located at 2 cm distal to V. hemiazygos, the lower one 2 cm proximal to the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. On adrenaline loading, an increasing blood flow to the esophagus was observed in the control group. 2. A decreasing blood flow was demonstrated in the achalasia-like group. 3. The disagreement of the above two measurements could be abolished on administration of an alpha blocking agent; phentolamine. Accordingly, a decreasing blood flow to the esophagus on adrenaline loading in achalasia-like group in contrast to the control one greatly suggested that the abnormality of the blood flow to the esophagus might predispose to the pathogenesis of the achalasia.
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PMID:[Experimental studies of the esophageal blood flow on the pathogenesis of achalasia (author's transl)]. 73

Thirty-two cases of achalasia of the esophagus are studied in retrospect. The evolution was carried on from different standpoints: clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and motility studies. Patients were treated by dilatation (either pneumatic or mercury bougies) or surgery. The result of treatment was evaluated from the clinical standpoint correlating it with the remaining studies in order to establish wether or not they were related.
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PMID:[Achalasia of the esophagus]. 74 26

Lower oesophageal sphincter response to infusion of graded doses (0.003--0.050 microgram kg-1min-1) of pentagastrin was evaluated in four antrectomised patients as well as in six healthy subjects and seven achalasic patients in whom inhibition of antral gastrin release was maintained by continuous acidification (HC1 0.1 N) and aspiration of gastric antrum. In normal subjects and in antrectomised patients doses of pentagastrin required for half-maximal gastric acid secretion (0.012 microgram kg-1min-1) produced statistically significant increases of LES pressure. In achalasic patients, the infusion of pentagastrin did not affect LES pressure. These data seem to indicate that gastrin plays, at least in some degree, a physiological role in the regulation of LES tone. Insensitivity of LES to pentagastrin in achalasia suggests that the raised sphincter pressure in this disorder can not be attributed to gastrin.
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PMID:Lower oesophageal sphincter response to intravenous infusions of pentagastrin in normal subjects, antrectomised and achalasic patients. 74 97

A case of dysfunctioning of the oesophageal opening is reported. The patient, aged 71 years, had had difficulty in swallowing for a long time, complicated by the recent onset of obvious dysphagia. Radiological examination of the oesophagus revealed the presence of a permanent notch in the posterior wall in the crico-pharyngeal region. The endoscope could not pass through the oesophageal opening but radiocinematography did not reveal any obvious organic lesion. The dysphagia and crico-pharyngeal notch disappeared after myotomy. This case is one the rare examples of pharyngo-oesophageal incoordination wrongly called crico-pharyngeal achalasia, as there does not appear to be any disorder of relaxation of the upper oesophageal sphincter, and this was demonstrated by the postoperative manometric study carried out in our patient.
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PMID:[A case of dysphagia due to dyskinesia of the oesophageal opening (author's transl)]. 74 89

Six new instances of primary cricopharyngeal achalasia are reported. Since 1961, treatment of these as well as eight other cases of sphincter dysfunction with secondary pharyngoesophageal diverticulum has consisted of posterior division of the muscle and inversion rather than excision of the diverticulum. The validity of this approach is supported by restoration to normal or near normal swallowing based on clinical and cineradiographic evidence. The advantages of performing this surgery under local anesthesia include the opportunity to observe directly the pathophysiology of the swallowing disorder, precise division of the cricopharyngeus muscle, and the ability of this older group of patients to eat, drink, and function normally immediately after operation.
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PMID:Surgery for cricopharyngeal dysfunction under local anesthesia. 81 15

The indication for the non-resecting combination method arises if the presence of genuine ulcer disease is confirmed by complete diagnostic measures (history, roentgenologic examination, endoscopy, secretion analysis and possibly psychic testing). An extended indication exists for erosive gastritis with hypersecretion, for hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis (Berman's syndrome), for cardiospasm and prophylaxis of hemorrhage. The technique yields permanent curative results if a complete selective proximal vagotomy is combined with a pyloroplasty suitable in form and function. This is also true for duodenal ulcer. In 22% of cases of gastric ulcer, selective vagotomy with antrectomy is necessary.
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PMID:[Non-resecting surgery for gastroduodenal ulcer. II. Indication and technique (author's transl)]. 81 5

During the last 12 years, 1489 vagotomies were performed at the Chirurgische Poliklinik of Munich University; 1339 of them were selective proximal vagotomies (SPV). The main indication was duodenal ulcer (n = 915) and gastric ulcer (n = 188), including emergency operations for extensive bleeding. Further indications were: sliding hiatal hernia, erosive gastritis and achalasia of the cardia. The SPA was combined in all cases with a pyloroplasty based on form and function. The results are shown in detail related to mortality (elective 0.5%), recurrency (1.6%) and functional results (good 88.2%, fair 7.2%, poor 4.6%). The combined operation of SPV with pyloroplasty is, in our opinion, an operative procedure which allows non resectioning surgical treatment of GDU without selection, i.e. based on form and function.
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PMID:[Non-resecting surgery for gastroduodenal ulcer. III. Clinical results (author's transl)]. 81 6

Anal fissures belong to the autonomic diseases. A raised sympathicotonus (spasm dystrophy) is responsible for the origin, the poor healing tendency and the burning pain. This excessive effect of the sympathetic leads first to functional and later to organic disorders of the sphincter in the form of an achalasia. The empirically developed methods of operation have intervention in the autonomic nervous system in common, and only differ in the extent of this "invasion of the autonomic". Functional changes must be treated with local anesthetics or by stretching the sphincter, organic changes by sphincterotomy.
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PMID:[Sphincter surgery. Etiology and therapy of the anal fissure (author's transl)]. 82 52


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