Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014848 (achalasia)
 2,804 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three surgical complications of Chagas' disease--megaesophagus, achalasia of the pylorus, and cholelithiasis--were evaluated within the framework of the experience acquired in the management of 840 cases of megaesophagus--722 in the nonadvanced stage of the disease and 118 with advanced disease (dolichomegaesophagus). In the group of the 722 patients with nonadvanced disease, achalasia of the pylorus was present in 140 (19.4%), and in the total of 840 patients, uncomplicated cholelithiasis without chagasic involvement of the gallbladder and/or papilla was observed in 58 (6.9%). The 722 subjects with nonadvanced megaesophagus were submitted to wide esophagocardiomyectomy performed at the level of the anterior esophagogastric junction, combined with an antireflux valvuloplasty procedure. We recorded no mortality, and 95% excellent and good results in long-term follow-up. On the other hand, dolichomegaesophagus required esophageal resection with reconstruction by means of an esophagogastroplasty placed in the esophageal bed. The mortality rate was 4.2% (5/118); the main postoperative complications were pleural effusion (22%) and fistulas of the esophagogastric anastomosis (8.4%). Postoperatively, the patients adapted well to their new anatomy and gained weight. Achalasia of the pylorus was confirmed by delayed gastric emptying time. This entity was managed by concomitant antropyloromyectomy without mortality. Cholelithiasis was managed by cholecystectomy and radiologic exploration of the bile ducts.
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PMID:Surgical complications of Chagas' disease: megaesophagus, achalasia of the pylorus, and cholelithiasis. 190 32

In the last 5 years, surgery of the gastrointestinal tract has been revolutionized by the application of minimal access techniques. Following initial enthusiasm, which suggested that most abdominal surgery would ultimately be done via this approach, there is now need for appraisal and evaluation of the role of a number of these minimal access techniques when compared with open surgery. Undoubtedly, the most convincing and total application of minimal access techniques has been in the treatment of gallstone disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now standard therapy for cholelithiasis and endoscopic sphincterotomy with stone extraction is standard therapy for choledocholithiasis. Where the two conditions co-exist, operative cholangiography allows for the recognition of stones in the bile duct at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and provides the potential avenue for treatment. Most major centres also would recommend routine operative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the detection of unsuspected stones and as an extra safety procedure in the early identification of potential bile duct injuries. The efficacy of laparoscopic appendicectomy and laparoscopic or thoracoscopic treatment of achalasia of the oesophagus also is supported by data from well conducted prospective studies. Doubt remains regarding the advantage of laparoscopic surgery over other approaches in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux, inguinal hernias and jaundice due to non-resectable cancer. For all three of these conditions, prospective trials are underway and the results of these trials should be assessed prior to widespread adoption of the laparoscopic techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Minimal access surgery of the gastrointestinal tract. 761 75

Acupuncture has been used for various gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. Voluminous data support the effect of acupuncture on the physiology of the GI tract, including acid secretion, motility, neurohormonal changes, and changes in sensory thresholds. Much of the neuroanatomic pathway of these effects has been identified in animal models. A large body of clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of acupuncture for suppressing nausea associated with chemotherapy, postoperative state, and pregnancy. Prospective randomized controlled trials have also shown the efficacy of acupuncture for analgesia for endoscopic procedures, including colonoscopy and upper endoscopy. Acupuncture has also been used for a variety of other conditions including postoperative ileus, achalasia, peptic ulcer disease, functional bowel diseases (including irritable bowel syndrome and nonulcer dyspepsia), diarrhea, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, expulsion of gallstones and biliary ascariasis, and pain associated with pancreatitis. Although there are few prospective randomized clinical studies, the well-documented physiological basis of acupuncture effects on the GI tract, and the extensive history of successful clinical use of acupuncture, makes this a promising modality that warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Acupuncture for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. 1010 29

The aim of our study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, in terms of operative times, complications and length of hospital stay, using the Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.). Twenty-five patients underwent robotic procedures. The indications were gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in 13 cases, achalasia in 2, cholelithiasis in 2, adrenal adenoma in Cushing syndrome in 6, pheochromocytoma in 2, and incidentaloma in 1. Robotic surgery was compared with the traditional laparoscopic approach. From January to September 2002 13 Nissen-Rossetti fundoplications, 2 Heller myotomies with Dor fundoplication, 2 cholecystectomies and 9 adrenalectomies (6 left adrenalectomies, 3 right adrenalectomies) were performed. There were no significant differences in age, preoperative body mass index (mean 28; range: 18-32) or sex between patients treated by robotic surgery and those treated by traditional laparoscopy. Operative times were significantly longer in the robotic surgery group (97.1 minutes, range: 77-126 minutes, versus 82.5 minutes, range: 65-100 minutes, for Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication; 132.8 minutes, range 104-181 minutes, versus 82.1 minutes, range 55-120 minutes, for adrenalectomy). There were no intraoperative complications. Conversion to traditional laparoscopy was necessary owing to technical difficulties in 4/9 adrenalectomies (44.4%; 3 left, 1 right). There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay (3.2 days, range 2-7 days, for Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication; 5.7 days, range 4-9 days, for adrenalectomy). Our study confirms the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. However, operative times were longer and costs higher, with no difference in outcomes. Given the current level of technology and experience, robotic surgery would not appear to afford any advantage over standard laparoscopic approaches.
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PMID:[Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Preliminary results at our Center]. 1287 66

Minimally invasive treatment of esophageal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, and esophageal cancer is associated with many of the benefits observed after the minimally invasive surgery for other diseases (such as symptomatic cholelithiasis) when compared with the open approach. Laparoscopic treatment of these esophageal conditions is technically complex and subject to several inherent limitations. Robotic surgical systems may allow surgeons to overcome many of these obstacles, enabling more widespread adaptation of these techniques.
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PMID:Robotic applications in the treatment of diseases of the esophagus. 2287 78

Laparoscopic surgery has become the standard of care for many diseases like symptomatic gallstone disease, acute appendicitis, achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. One of the key steps in the procedure is to obtain pneumoperitoneum and insert the first trocar safely. We describe a simple technique which detects the precise entry point when the reusable metallic Veress needle enters the peritoneal cavity.
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PMID:A simple and safe technique of creating closed pneumoperitoneum. 2442 47

Purpose: Delusions of pregnancy are associated with functional impairment and psychological distress. Previous works have focused on characterizing their etiology and identifying contributory social and cultural factors. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the literature on medical or surgical comorbidities associated with delusions of pregnancy.Methods: We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycInfo using the terms "pregnancy delusion," "delusional pregnancy," "pseudocyesis", and "false/pseudo/phantom/spurious pregnancy" to identify all published cases of delusional pregnancies. We included cases in which medical or surgical factors might have contributed to the delusion. We extracted the following information from selected case reports: patient age, psychiatric diagnoses, medications, medical comorbidities, somatic complaints, treatment, and outcome.Results: We found that 23 of 140 cases (16.4%) were potentially influenced by concomitant medical or surgical conditions including gallstones, abdominal tumors, hyperprolactinemia, constipation, a tubal cyst, and esophageal achalasia. Medical or surgical treatment was pursued in 15 of these 23 cases, followed by mitigation of the delusion in ten cases.Conclusions: We emphasize the importance of a thorough workup including physical and gynecological examinations in patients presenting with a delusion of pregnancy. Clinicians should recognize and overcome potential barriers to undertaking comprehensive assessments in order to prevent delays in management and treatment of underlying medical or surgical conditions.
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PMID:Medical considerations in delusion of pregnancy: a systematic review. 3259 81