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Query: UMLS:C0014547 (focal epilepsy)
 1,627 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present prospective study undertaken in a specialized neurological center of a developing country deals with 1,000 epileptic patients classified in accordance with the International Classification. Eighty-one percent of the patients could be classified, with a lower incidence in the younger age group. Partial epilepsy was found to be far more common than generalized epilepsy (80% versus 20%). Primary generalized epilepsy was seen in 15% and secondary generalized in 5%. Partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology was seen in 58% and complex symptomatology in 7%. Secondarily generalized seizures were seen in the remaining 15%. Primary generalized epilepsy and partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology were more common in adults. Secondary generalized epilepsy and partial epilepsy with secondarily generalized seizures were more common in children. Partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology, however, did not vary significantly with age. The higher incidence of partial epilepsy in our patients, compared to the West, could be due to greater frequency of CNS infections and birth injuries, which are common childhood hazards in the developing countries.
Epilepsia 1977 Dec
PMID:Profile of epilepsy in a developing country: a study of 1,000 patients based on the international classification. 41 69

The effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) on EEG background activity have been studied, at rest and during mental processes, in 18 epileptic patients suffering from focal epilepsy and starting antiepileptic treatment for the first time. The EEGs were recorded before and after CBZ therapy, at rest with eyes closed (EC), during blocking reaction (BR), fixation (FIX) and mental arithmetic (MA) tasks, and then evaluated by spectral analysis. All data underwent statistical evaluation utilizing the ANOVA and correlation coefficient. The following parameters were evaluated: mean absolute and relative power and mean frequency. The results have shown that CBZ induced a significant increase of slow activity at rest with EC, which was represented by delta potentials, and was correlated with CBZ plasma levels. In evaluating the different cortical activation patterns, a decrease of the alpha reactivity was noted during BR and FIX, while a significant increase of beta activity was observed during the performance of all tasks. The relationship between the increased beta power, possibly reflecting an increase of cognitive activity for processing information, and the lack of a significant decrease of alpha activity are discussed.
Ital J Neurol Sci 1992 Dec
PMID:EEG changes induced by carbamazepine therapy at rest and during mental processes. 148 55

One hundred patients suffering from focal epilepsy with complex partial seizures refractory to medical treatment and showing no abnormality at CT were explored by MRI with an 0.5 Tesla magnet. MRI detected an abnormality in 25 patients with, in 17 of them, good correlation between MRI and clinical as well as electroencephalographic findings. Abnormal morphology and signal was found in 5 patients, with positive CT results on reexamination of previous CT images or on new CT scans in 4 of them. There was a diffuse temporal lobe high-intensity signal in 3 cases and a localized high-intensity signal in 9 cases (temporal lobe 4, occipital lobe 3, frontal lobe 1, fronto-parietal and parietal lobes 1). Thus, in 13% of the cases MRI demonstrated a lesion that had not been detected at CT, and the location of the lesion was concordant with clinical and electroencephalographic data.
J Neuroradiol 1989 Dec
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in refractory focal epilepsy with normal CT scans. 251 40

The inhibition of seizure activity by behavioural methods is becoming more popular. Lockhart's monkey model of focal epilepsy suggests a theoretical approach to behavioural seizure inhibition. Behaviour, by changing the pattern of excitation and inhibition surrounding a focus, is thus able to inhibit seizure activity. This article describes single case studies in which the behavioural methods of cued arousal, covert desensitization and relaxation have brought about a decrease in seizure frequency.
Acta Neurol Scand 1989 Dec
PMID:Evoked and psychogenic epileptic seizures: II. Inhibition. 261 81

The precipitation of seizures by external stimulation (evoked seizures) is well known. Less well known is the precipitation of seizures by a change in the patient's thinking or feelings. This artick uses Lockhart's monkey model of focal epilepsy to propose that there is a close relationship between seizures and ongoing brain activity. Thus, seizures precipitated by both voluntary and spontaneous changes in behaviour and thinking must commonly occur. Clinical examples of such seizure precipitation is described.
Acta Neurol Scand 1989 Dec
PMID:Evoked and psychogenic epileptic seizures. I. Precipitation. 269 27

The influence of adaptation to moderate hypoxia on anticonvulsive resistance of low tolerant rats has been investigated. Focal epilepsy was induced by penicillin application to sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain. Adaptation to hypoxia has been shown to increase the resistance of rats to epileptogenic penicillin effect which is manifested in the prolongation of the latent period of epileptiform discharges and less frequent epileptic fits. The mechanisms of the resistance increase remains to be investigated.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1986 Dec
PMID:[Effect of adaptation to hypoxia on the resistance of rats to the epileptogenic action of penicillin]. 309 55

The ability of SPECT measurements with [99mTc]-HM-PAO (Ceretec) to find the location of the epileptic focus was studied in patients under consideration for neurosurgical treatment for therapy-resistant focal epilepsy. The location of low [99mTc]-HM-PAO uptake regions found at interictal measurements, and of high [99mTc]-HM-PAO uptake regions found at ictal measurements, was compared to the findings of extensive ictal and interictal EEG examinations, and to the results of CT and MRT. While EEG revealed focal epileptic activity in all of the 14 patients, SPECT showed regional abnormalities in 13 (93%). CT and MRT showed abnormal findings in 30%.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988 Dec
PMID:SPECT measurements with 99mTc-HM-PAO in focal epilepsy. 314 89

The effect of two doses (5 micrograms/microliters) of kainic acid (KA) injected intracortically into the posterior lateral gyrus of cats was investigated. KA in a dose of 5 micrograms/microliters provoked cortical epileptogenic focus 8-12 min after its application, developing later into a focal seizure. Administration of 10 micrograms/microliters KA resulted after 15-20 sec in paroxysmal discharges of spikes and sharp-slow waves at the site of the application, which propagated ipsilaterally. Thereafter the paroxysmal activity spread contralaterally, became generalized and developed into an epileptic state. The effect of KA was considered to be a dose-dependent one. N-Aminomethylpiperazine-3, 3-diethyl-2, 4-pyridinedione (DKMP) in a dose of 100 mg/kg injected i.v. on the background of developed epileptic state exerted a rapid inhibitory effect of 60-100 min duration on the paroxysmal activity. employed as a model of secondary generalized focal epilepsy.
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1985 Dec
PMID:Epileptogenic effect of intracortically applied kainic acid in cats. 383 33

The authors report a retrospective study of 11 observations of partial frontal epilepsy. Cases have been selected on the basis of a complete lack of any associated neurological or psychiatric sign and a disappearance of seizures with normalization of the EEG trace for more than 5 years. This peculiar type of focal epilepsy characterized by an EEG frontal spike focus is first shown to share clinical and electroencephalographic signs with other forms of benign epilepsy of childhood and adolescence. Then the predictive value of some electro-clinical criteria to indicate a favourable outcome is examined.
Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 1983 Dec
PMID:[Benign partial epilepsies: 11 cases of frontal partial epilepsy with favorable prognosis]. 642 89

The onset, distribution, and spread of the average of 20 centrotemporal discharges for each of 10 patients with typical benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (BREC) were examined using a computerized topographical mapping technique. A stereotypic dipole field was present along the rolandic region in all discharges. During its most prominent phase, the negative pole of the dipole was maximum at the centrotemporal region, with the positive pole involving the bifrontal region. A hypothesis is proposed that all discharges arise from a single generator which is oriented tangential to the surface. The generator is most likely situated in the lower rolandic region where the zero potential zone exists, between the frontal positivity and the centrotemporal negativity. Identification of this dipole configuration may be useful for differentiating BREC from focal epilepsy of other etiologies.
Epilepsia 1984 Dec
PMID:Topographical analysis of the centrotemporal discharges in benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood. 651 Mar 78


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