Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014547 (focal epilepsy)
 1,627 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Headache originating front-orbital area can be divided to (1) Which has no autonomic symptoms such as lacrimation, rhinorrea, rhinostasis. This include psychogenic headache and epileptic headache. In the case of psychogenic headache, pericranial tenderness is not observed, and headache is medium in intensity. Most often patient complains of a headache originating frontal area. There are more than five various symptoms such as general malaise, numbness, tingling sensation, vertigo, sleeplessness. However, although symptoms are multiple, patients spend a life commonly. In other words, a patient is protected by a headache against his or her stress. No medication is needed in such a case. In epileptic headache, pressing type pain is felt over the forehead for several minutes to a few hours. Tremor or convulsion sometimes follow the headache. EEG shows spike and wave activities. In the case of focal epilepsy, headache occurs contralateral to the focus. Anti-epileptic drugs such as VPA or CBZ is a choice in such case, and headache as well as seizure disappears. (2) Front-orbital headache with autonomic symptoms include various trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. These include cluster headache, episodic paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua, among others. Precise history taking is necessary for the treatment, because no drug is 100% effective.
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PMID:[Headache originating front-orbital area]. 1565 1

Partial epilepsy comprises simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized seizures, and covers more than 60% of patients with epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs are generally considered to be the major therapeutic intervention for epilepsy but, despite a broad range of commonly used antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% of adult patients and approximately 25% of children with epilepsy have inadequate seizure control. Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel voltage-gated sodium channel-blocking agent with presumed good safety and efficacy for adjunctive treatment of patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. ESL is a prodrug of eslicarbazepine (the active entity responsible for pharmacologic effects), and is rapidly and extensively hydrolyzed during first pass by liver esterases after oral administration. The half-life of eslicarbazepine at steady-state plasma concentrations is 20-24 hours, compatible with once-daily administration. ESL 800 mg and 1200 mg significantly reduces seizure frequency and shows a favorable safety profile in adult patients with drug-resistant partial-onset seizures, as demonstrated in previous Phase II and III trials. In children, ESL showed a clear dose-dependent decrease in seizure frequency with good tolerability. The most commonly reported adverse events associated with ESL are dizziness, somnolence, nausea, diplopia, headache, vomiting, blurred vision, vertigo, and fatigue. In conclusion, these characteristics suggest that ESL might be a valid and well tolerated treatment option for patients with drug-resistant partial-onset epilepsy. The convenience of once-daily dosing and a short, simple titration regimen would be of special interest for children, although conclusive published data are lacking to date. Hence, there is an urgent need to establish the therapeutic value of ESL in this special population in the near future.
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PMID:Update on treatment of partial onset epilepsy: role of eslicarbazepine. 2112 91

Vertigo and dizziness are extremely common complaints, related to either peripheral or central nervous system disorders. Among the latter, epilepsy has to be taken into consideration: indeed, vertigo may be part of the initial aura of a focal epileptic seizure in association with other signs/symptoms, or represent the only ictal manifestation, a rare phenomenon known as "vertiginous" or "vestibular" seizure. These ictal symptoms are usually related to a discharge arising from/involving temporal or parietal areas, which are supposed to be a crucial component of the so-called "vestibular cortex". In this paper, we describe three patients suffering from drug-resistant focal epilepsy, symptomatic of malformations of cortical development or perinatal hypoxic/ischemic lesions located in the posterior regions, who presented clusters of vertiginous seizures. The high recurrence rate of such events, recorded during video-EEG monitoring sessions, offered the opportunity to perform an ictal EEG/fMRI study to identify seizure-related hemodynamic changes. The ictal EEG/fMRI revealed the main activation clusters in the temporo-parieto-occipital regions, which are widely recognized to be involved in the processing of vestibular information. Interestingly, ictal deactivation was also detected in the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere, suggesting the ictal involvement of cortical-subcortical structures known to be part of the vestibular integration network.
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PMID:Ictal EEG/fMRI study of vertiginous seizures. 2810 90