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Query: UMLS:C0014547 (focal epilepsy)
 1,627 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic focal epilepsies and particularly rolandic epilepsy are considered to have an excellent outcome with spontaneous recovery during adolescence. The characterization of this syndrome in 1959 by Beaussart and Nayrac was a great progress for childhood epileptology: the existence of a focal epilepsy with a good prognosis and no underlying brain lesion, so-called "benign" epilepsy, was recognized. Since the first descriptions, numerous neuropsychological studies were performed showing variable results. All the studies agree with the fact that children with rolandic epilepsy keep a normal global intellectual efficiency and a good long-term outcome. Nevertheless, some children may suffer transiently during the active phase of the epilepsy from oromotor dysfunction, neuropsychological deficits, or attention deficits with learning disorders. The analysis of cognitive and neurophysiological correlations evidenced a significant correlation between the epileptic focus localization and few specific dysfunctions. We evidenced mainly a significant effect of the persistence of a prolonged slow focus and a strong activation of night EEG spike and waves on cognitive decline and attention disorders. These abnormalities are mainly observed during severe or atypical evolutions of rolandic epilepsy. Preliminary longitudinal studies show that these cognitive deficits are transient. Thus, the presence of an active epileptic focus, without underlying brain lesion, could interfere with normal maturation of cognitive function.
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PMID:[Cognitive consequences of Rolandic Epilepsy]. 1182 48

The study included 32 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 20 patients with cryptogenic focal epilepsy and 20 healthy controls. Cognitive functions were assessed using tests of long- and short-term verbal memory (auditory, visual and motor), attention and word fluency. Correlations between clinical features of the epileptic process and cognitive deficit were analyzed. Cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy were significantly lower compared to controls. Long-term auditory verbal memory and attention were significantly worse in patients with cryptogenic focal epilepsy compared to those with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. The cognitive dysfunction was correlated with seizure frequency, disease duration, lifetime number of seizures, in particular generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
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PMID:[Cognitive functions in patients with idiopathic generalized and cryptogenic focal epilepsy]. 2118 8

Fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy of school-age children is a rare epileptic syndrome that causes difficulties in diagnosis at the initial stage of disease. It is characterized by sudden onset with multifocal refractory status epilepticus in previously healthy children with normal development. Later, children suffer from resistant focal epilepsy in the combination with cognitive deficit and behavioral difficulties. Authors describe a clinical case of fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy of school-age children in a child of 7 years old. Aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease are discussed.
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PMID:[Fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy of children]. 2388 45

Cognitive consequences in epilepsy are often described in the following domains: verbal memory, language, executive functions, and attention. Attention is involved in all cognitive activities, and attention disorders (AD) are reported in patients with various neurological diseases. This paper proposes to define the concept of AD and its assessment, to consider their determinants in epilepsy and potential therapies (drug or not). ADs are reported in new onset epilepsy, generalized epilepsy of presumed genetic origin, and in focal epilepsy. In focal epilepsy, alertness and divided attention impairment are observed and seem to improve after successful curative surgery. Additional studies are needed to assess the prevalence and nature of AD related to status epilepticus. In the field of therapeutic strategies, anti-epileptic drugs show an impact on AD. Effects of antidepressive drug therapy are not reported, as well as psychotherapy. Cognitive rehabilitation on AD is a promising therapeutic intervention but specific studies are needed to assess its efficacy.
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PMID:Attention disorders in adults with epilepsy. Determinants and therapeutic strategies. 3082 90