Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014547 (focal epilepsy)
 1,627 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity assayed by phosphorylation of exogenous histone, was measured in neocortex obtained from 32 patients following surgery for focal epilepsy and from 6 non-epileptic patients. PKC activity was not significantly different in either the particulate or cytosolic fraction from epileptic foci (n = 17) versus samples from non-spiking regions (n = 22) or neocortex from non-epileptic patients (n = 6). From 67% to 70% of total PKC activity was present in the cytosolic fraction. Phosphorylation of endogenous cytosolic substrate proteins was also not significantly different in epileptic foci.
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PMID:Protein kinase C activity and intracellular distribution in surgically excised human epileptic neocortex. 188 7

In recent years, a differentiation has been made between two syndromes that are characterized by brief abnormal paroxysmal movements occurring principally at night: 1, hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia (HPD), sometimes considered a particular form of dystonia similar to paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, and 2, mesiofrontal epilepsy. Whether HPD is a distinct syndrome is not clear. Twenty-three patients, 11 men and 12 women, were hospitalized between 1985 and 1989 for examination of this type of abnormal paroxysmal movements (APM) occurring at night. In order to clarify the physiopathology of these abnormal nocturnal movement as focal epilepsy or a particular form of dystonia, we analyzed the personal and familial antecedents of all 23 patients, the polygraphic records during waking and sleep periods, and the results of neuroradiological examinations. Four patients were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) using i8F deoxyglucose. Symptoms first appeared between 3 and 28 years of age (M, 10.1) and developed over 1 to 20 years (M, 10.1). APM clearly occurred more commonly (greater than 90%) during sleep, usually during phases of slow-wave sleep. The sleeping patient opened his eyes and the motor signs then variously associated affective facial expression; axial postural modifications; tonic, dystonic or choreic postural movements of the limbs; pedalling; automatisms; disordered agitation and vocalization. The seizure was abruptly interrupted after 10 to 60 seconds. There was usually no postictal confusion. Thirteen patients clearly had clear epileptic antecedents: in 9, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; in 4, focal epileptic status. During nocturnal polygraphic recording, 6 patients presented a generalized seizure following a period of APM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Postures and abnormal paroxysmal movements during sleep: hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia or partial epilepsy?]. 190 68

Cessation of chronic (5 days), unilateral infusion of GABA into the somatomotor cortex of rats induces focal epileptic spikes which remain limited to the infused site and never evolve into generalized seizures. We have considered this finding as a new model of focal epilepsy and named it "GABA withdrawal syndrome". In the present study, we have measured local cerebral glucose utilization in order to map the cortical and subcortical regions involved in the GABA withdrawal syndrome. Local cerebral glucose utilization increased two- to three-fold in a 1-1.5 mm diameter area, involving all the cortical layers at the GABA-infusion site. This hypermetabolic area contained a central (1-2 mm diameter) hypometabolic zone showing neuronal depopulation in some animals. Except for the epileptic focus, the hemisphere ipsilateral to the infusion site was slightly hypometabolic. However, there was a large increase (three- to five-fold) in some ipsilateral thalamic nuclei (posterior oralis, ventralis postero-lateralis, centralis lateralis, ventralis lateralis and reticularis thalami nucleus). The local cerebral glucose utilization of the contralateral cortex and thalamus were unchanged. The present results confirm the focal nature of the epileptogenic syndrome produced by stopping chronic, intracortical GABA infusion. These results are markedly different from those described in the penicillin focal epilepsy model. Our data also show that specific ipsilateral thalamic relays may, by an as yet unknown mechanism, play a role in maintaining paroxysmal activity during the GABA withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Metabolic anatomy of the focal epilepsy produced by cessation of chronic intracortical GABA infusion in the rat. 190 65

In 99 patients with focal epilepsy, the memory was studied in comparison of melodies and emotions along with the speech-acoustic++ system noise rejection. The degree of these functions impairment was primarily determined by the severity of the brain organic damage and other intra- and extrafocal factors. The impairment of noise rejection could be manifested by its increase or decrease with reference to the normal levels. Memory disorders manifested themselves in facilitated comparison of emotions and especially of melodies with increased delay. Decreased noise rejection and memory disorders were most pronounced in right temporal pathology. Increased noise rejection pathognomonic of the children with cerebral paralysis and left temporal lobe lesion was related to the activation in the mirrored focus.
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PMID:[Memory and interference resistance of the speech-acoustic system as the indicators of the functional state of the temporal structures in focal epilepsy]. 196 76

The EEG of 45 patients with complex partial epilepsy was recorded from standard and supplementary inferior temporal electrode sites for 2 or more days via cable telemetry onto video (VHS) tape (22-25 channels, common reference). Epochs with "temporal spikes" were read into a topographic EEG device where individual spikes were visually identified and averaged in sums of 8-32. Analysis of spike voltage topography revealed two distinct patterns - dipolar, Type 1 and non-dipolar, Type 2. One or the other spike type predominated in all but two patients. Application of source modeling techniques (3 shells, single dipole, 6 parameters) to the spike topography data revealed that both spike types had similar equivalent dipoles in terms of location and orientation, except for vector elevation. However, calculated dipoles for Type 1 spikes were more stable over the course of the spike peak. Correlations with clinical data and intracranial EEG suggest that Type 1 spikes originate in mesial temporal structures, while Type 2 spikes arise from temporal or frontal neocortex. Spike voltage topography and equivalent dipole localization appear to be useful in the presurgical evaluation of patients with focal epilepsy.
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PMID:Spike voltage topography and equivalent dipole localization in complex partial epilepsy. 209 9

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was evaluated quantitatively by 99mTc hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime and single photon emission CT (SPECT) during the interictal phase in 52 patients with focal epilepsy. The results were compared with those obtained by electroencephalography (EEG), CT, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Twenty-four of the 52 patients had one area of local hypoperfusion whereas 7 patients showed an area of local hyperperfusion. In 20 of the 52 patients, both reduced and elevated rCBF values were found. One patient had a normal perfusion pattern. The SPECT findings correlated well with the foci shown by EEG, both with regard to the sides affected and the locations of the regions of altered perfusion. The MR images showed focal lesions in only approximately one-half of the patients examined, and CT in even fewer.
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PMID:Focal epilepsies: HM-PAO SPECT compared with CT, MR, and EEG. 211 May 81

We describe our initial results in 50 consecutive patients who had investigation for possible surgical treatment of intractable focal epilepsy. Forty-three were investigated using intracranial epidural or foramen ovale electrodes. Forty-five had cortical resection (43 temporal, one frontal, and one parietal). Thirty-two patients who had resection have been followed up for 6 months to 4 years, and 29 (90%) have had good results. Our findings suggest that epidural recordings are valuable in patients with epilepsy who are being considered for surgical resection. They offer an alternative to depth intracerebral investigations in the majority of patients.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of epilepsy: initial results based upon epidural electroencephalographic recordings. 211 15

There is abundant evidence of the close interrelation between the induction and inhibition of seizure activity and the patient's thoughts, feelings and behaviour. The detailed knowledge that we now have of the epileptic focus and the way that it is connected to the surrounding cerebral mechanisms, makes it possible for many patients with focal epilepsy to establish a significant degree of seizure control by altering their thinking and behaviour.
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PMID:Behavioural treatment of epilepsy. 211 59

Primary intraparenchymal tumors of the brain are important etiologic factors in partial or focal epilepsy. Indolent low-grade gliomas may be associated with a long-standing seizure disorder refractory to medical treatment. Surgical resection of the neoplasm and the epileptogenic area may render patients seizure-free. Removal of the tumor alone may also be associated with an excellent survival rate and surgical outcome. Conventional neurosurgical procedures are restricted in patients with tumors that are deep-seated lesions or involve functional cerebral cortex. Computer-assisted stereotactic surgical procedures have been developed for biopsy and resection of intra-axial brain-mass lesions. Stereotactic tumor resection may allow pathological determination of intracranial lesions and produce a worthwhile reduction in seizure activity in some patients with intractable partial epilepsy.
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PMID:Epilepsy and brain tumors: implications for treatment. 212 72

The present study aimed at producing a chronic model of focal epilepsy in rabbits. In group A (30 rabbits) 0.05 ml alumina gel was injected in the right sensorimotor cortex, while in group B (10 rabbits) normal saline was injected in the same region. The observation period lasted 70 days. All group A animals developed spontaneous focal or focal initiated seizures that continued throughout the study. The rate of seizures varied in different animals. Both interictal and ictal epileptiform activities were recorded in the ECoGs. Histological examination showed a typical alumina granuloma with gliotic reaction adjacent to the granuloma.
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PMID:Focal experimental epilepsy in rabbits. 212 25


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