Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014547 (focal epilepsy)
 1,627 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nonketotic hyperglycemia has a definite convulsive effect, which may manifest itself in generalized or focal seizures. This report deals specifically with focal convulsive phenomena. Two patients with nonketotic hyperglycemia focal seizures are described. Focal seizures are of motor Jackson, aphasic, adversive or of the 'epilepsia partialis continua' type. Different types of focal seizures may appear in one and the same patient. Focal epilepsy can be the first manifestation of a diabetic disorder. Focal epileptic seizures are linked with moderate nonketotic hyperglycemia with values of 360 mg% sugar and 310 osm. Higher values lead to generalized seizures and coma. The mechanisms are discussed and pertinent literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Moderate nonketotic hyperglycemia--a cause of focal epilepsy. Report of two cases and review of literature. 9 31

The use of carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) as first-line antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of focal epilepsy is limited by hyponatremia, a known adverse effect. Hyponatremia occurs in up to half of people taking CBZ or OXC and, although often assumed to be asymptomatic, it can lead to symptoms ranging from unsteadiness and mild confusion to seizures and coma. Hyponatremia is probably due to the antidiuretic properties of CBZ and OXC that are, at least partly, explained by stimulation of the vasopressin 2 receptor/aquaporin 2 pathway. No known genetic risk variants for CBZ- and OXC-induced hyponatremia exist, but likely candidate genes are part of the vasopressin water reabsorption pathway.
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PMID:Epidemiology, pathophysiology and putative genetic basis of carbamazepine- and oxcarbazepine-induced hyponatremia. 2733 72