Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014547 (focal epilepsy)
 1,627 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When a physician is faced by a patient suffering from transient ischemic attacks, the diagnosis is almost invariably determined by the clinical history. It becomes necessary to eliminate certain other medical conditions including migraine, focal epilepsy and cardiac disorders. Once he is satisfied with the diagnosis of TIA, then he must consider whether to employ medical or surgical therapy or a combination of both. It must be recognized that TIAs are not benign events since more than 50 p. 100 of individuals who develop completed strokes will have antecedent TIAs. Identification of the pathogenetic mechanism becomes important in choosing the specific therapy. Where the origin of the attacks is clearly thromboembolic, secondary to atherosclerosis, surgical intervention may be appropriate if the lesion is readily accessible. However, consideration of surgery is also determined by the risk of post-operative stroke or death at the hands of less experienced surgeons. The risk of stroke in a patient who is having frequent TIAs may be reduced initially by utilizing anticoagulants for a limited period. Long-term medical therapy requires the use of anti-platelet agents which have been shown to have a more beneficial effect in preventing strokes in men. The evidence for protection in females is less satisfactory. Surgical treatment should be followed by long-term medical therapy since it is very unlikely that only one lesion is present in a high-risk patient. It is still clear that the best way to manage cerebro-vascular accidents is to prevent them. This requires education of the public, as will as physicians, with respect to risk factors and the value of various modes of therapy.
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PMID:[Medical or chirurgical treatment in transient cerebral ischemia? (author's transl)]. 702 7

Limb shaking transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an uncommon presentation of carotid occlusive disease. This unusual form of TIA is not well recognized and may be mistaken for focal epilepsy, delaying proper diagnosis and treatment. In this communication, we present such a case, together with a review of the literature, a brief account of pathophysiology and an outline of appropriate clinical management.
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PMID:Limb shaking transient ischemic attack--an unusual presentation of carotid occlusive disease. A case report and review of the literature. 1546 6

A 95-year-old male with a medical history of focal epilepsy presented with transient ischemic attack (TIA)/pre-syncope like symptoms. He was on lacosamide (LCM) and levetiracetam. On evaluation, he was found to have left bundle branch block (LBBB), sinus pause of three seconds, and 1st degree atrioventricular (AV) block. After holding LCM, electrocardiogram changes were reversed to baseline (before commencing LCM). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of reversible LBBB along with sinoatrial (SA) node and AV node dysfunction in an elderly male on LCM therapy.
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PMID:Left Bundle Branch Block: A Reversible Pernicious Effect of Lacosamide. 3304 75