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Query: UMLS:C0014544 (epilepsy)
 64,704 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirteen consultant neurologists working in ten different towns or cities in the United Kingdom were asked to log all their encounters with patients in 1 week. The median number of encounters was 79 (range 33-144). Forty-one per cent were new patients; 85% of all new patient encounters were with National Health Service patients. In more than four-fifths of all encounters, the neurologist felt that the consultation was a justified use of his experience. Consultations for headache/migraine and epilepsy together accounted for over a quarter of all encounters.
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PMID:A record of patient encounters in neurological practice in the United Kingdom. 278 22

An analysis has been performed of 7836 successive new outpatient referrals seen by one consultant neurologist. In approximately a quarter of the patients, a specific diagnosis was not possible. A further 30% of the total was accounted for by epilepsy, tension headache, cerebrovascular disease and migraine.
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PMID:An analysis of 7836 successive new outpatient referrals. 238 Jul 42

A pilot study on the prevalence of neurological disorders in Sicily was carried out with a protocol never previously used in Italy. A screening questionnaire was administered to 1,601 subjects of a community, designed to identify patients with cerebrovascular diseases, epilepsy, extrapyramidal syndromes, peripheral neuropathies, migraine and intracranial neoplasms. Of 262 subjects who were identified as likely to be suffering from neurological illness, 248 (94.6%) were examined by a neurologist. Of these, 8.9% were found to be normal, 46.8% were suffering from non-neurological diseases, 44.3% had one or more neurological diseases (prevalence of 6.8%). This pilot study proved to be a good starting-point for a future major survey.
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PMID:Prevalence survey of major neurological disorders in Sicily. Results of a pilot study. 279 97

The paper provides a survey of neuropharmacological fundamentals for the use of beta-adrenolytics in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological diseases. In particular there are discussed results of animal- and clinical-pharmacological experiments carried out in order to assess the influence of betaadrenolytics in disorders and diseases such as anxiety, psychoses, tremor, some kinds of addiction, migraine and epilepsy. The conclusion is that in spite of some ascertained clinical indications on the one hand and a variety of neuropharmacological results on the other the mode of action of betaadrenolytics at the level of the CNS remains still insufficiently explainable.
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PMID:[The neuropharmacology of beta adrenolytics]. 286 12

We studied the role of oligoantigenic diets in 63 children with epilepsy; 45 children had epilepsy with migraine, hyperkinetic behavior, or both, and 18 had epilepsy alone. Of the 45 children who had epilepsy with recurrent headaches, abdominal symptoms, or hyperkinetic behavior, 25 ceased to have seizures and 11 had fewer seizures during diet therapy. Headaches, abdominal pains, and hyperkinetic behavior ceased in all those whose seizures ceased, and in some of those whose seizures did not cease. Foods provoking symptoms were identified by systematic reintroduction of foods, one by one; symptoms recurred with 42 foods, and seizures recurred with 31; most children reacted to several foods. Of 24 children with generalized epilepsy, 18 recovered or improved (including 4 of 7 with myoclonic seizures and all with petit mal), as did 18 of 21 children with partial epilepsy. In double-blind, placebo-controlled provocation studies, symptoms recurred in 15 of 16 children, including seizures in eight; none recurred when placebo was given. Eighteen other children, who had epilepsy alone, were similarly treated with an oligoantigenic diet; none improved.
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PMID:Oligoantigenic diet treatment of children with epilepsy and migraine. 220 5

An epileptic syndrome of benign nocturnal childhood occipital epilepsy with excellent prognosis is described. The syndrome is characterized by a clinical ictal triad of nocturnal seizures, tonic deviation of the eyes, and vomiting. There may be marching to involve the head and limbs, ending with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Consciousness is usually, but not invariably, disturbed. Infrequent daytime fits may develop one to two years after remission of the nocturnal seizures. Age of onset is usually from 3 to 5 years. Both sexes are involved. There is no family history of epilepsy or migraine. No definite causative factor was detected. The frequency of the seizures is very low with two children having only solitary ones. The interictal electroencephalographic features consist of repetitive occipital spike and slow wave complexes that are induced by closed eyes and darkness and are inhibited by open eyes and fixation with visual cues. It is proposed that this is a new idiopathic age-related-onset syndrome of the localization-related epilepsies.
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PMID:Benign nocturnal childhood occipital epilepsy: a new syndrome with nocturnal seizures, tonic deviation of the eyes, and vomiting. 291 10

Plasma estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) were measured in the luteal phase of 8 patients affected by menstrually-related migraine (M) and in 3 cases of catamenial epilepsy (CE). Plasma P and E2 of the M patients were lower than in the CE group. Both beta-LPH and beta-EP showed a reduction in M patients near menses, while the opposite pattern was found in CE. These data demonstrate that premenstrual syndrome is sustained by different, neurobiological dysfunction even if endogenous opioids could be involved in both migraine and epilepsy.
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PMID:Pattern of plasma opioids in menstrually-related migraine and epilepsy. 295 69

A 51-year-old woman with Sneddon's disease presented with transient right hemifield loss of vision and transient right-sided weakness. Over the preceding decade she had experienced a slow decline in mental function. She also had hypertension, migraine, and a mixed seizure disorder. She had skin changes typical for generalized livedo reticularis but she did not have Raynaud's phenomenon or winter ulcerations. Her disease was not understood until the stroke-related symptoms were associated with the skin abnormalities. We review the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Sneddon's disease and add data from our case to the growing body of fact that suggests that Sneddon's disease may be an immunologically mediated vasculopathy.
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PMID:Sneddon's disease presenting with visual loss and dementia. 297 41

In general, childhood sleep disturbances can be accurately clinically diagnosed by the primary care physician, neurologist, or psychiatrist. Careful characterization of the "spells," either by history or home videotaping, may be sufficient. Often, no laboratory studies are needed if the physician can recognize the sleep disturbance and clinically differentiate it from epilepsy or migraine. Although behavioral approaches or "tincture of time" often alleviates a great many sleep disturbances in children, psychopharmacologic therapy has a role in many and can be judiciously prescribed with safety and efficacy.
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PMID:Sleep disorders in children. 306 26

Acute confusional state (ACS) relates to a sudden alteration of the mental status. The impairment may be global or confined to a specific faculty of higher cortical function. Such specificity does not depend on the nature of the pathological process, but rather on the anatomical location of the area of the brain which is involved. In the absence of relevant medical history and associated signs and symptoms, the differential diagnosis of ACS may be difficult. Two case reports of unusual causes of ACS are presented: basilar migraine manifesting as transient global amnesia, and absence status. These are followed by a brief review of etiological causes of ACS commonly encountered in the pediatric practice, and a more detailed review of rare causes, such as non-convulsive epilepsy and migraine. A list of auxiliary tests for cases which are not readily diagnosed is presented.
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PMID:Acute confusional state in childhood. 307 72


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