Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014544 (epilepsy)
 64,704 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A defined general population of 159,200 male and female native Swedes born in the period 1911-1940 from an urban catchment area of the then only general hospital, was followed over a decade (1970-79) with regard to in-patient hospitalization for all kinds of diagnoses. As a part of this population cohort study, multiple sclerosis cases (n = 351) and epilepsy cases (n = 648) were studied for association with other diseases. Unexpectedly, a cluster of diseases encompassing tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction, among the diseases associated with multiple sclerosis, also forms a gradient; this suggests a quantitative rather than a qualitative multifactorial model of disease for the understanding of the pathogenesis of MS. In epilepsy, heterogeneity was suggested as being mainly linked to the presence or absence of co-existing alcoholism. Brain tumours in cases of epilepsy were found almost exclusively in the latter subset and prevailing among younger people independent of sex (with an almost 100-fold excess rate of that disease combination as expected by chance only).
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PMID:Diseases associated with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. A population cohort study of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes observed over 10 years (1970-79). 387 80

Sixteen children with multiple sclerosis, 14 with remitting and 2 with progressive course, and their follow up for 4-16 (mean, 9 years) are reported. The disease manifested in eight children at the age of 1.5-9 years, while in the other eight at the age of 12-14 years. The cases were acute, but had a stronger inclination to remission than in adulthood. In addition to the "classical" symptoms known in adult, multiple sclerosis, papilloedema and acute increased intracranial pressure were observed in nine children. Dehydrating treatment was life saving in these cases. Opsoclonus occurred in two patients, and two children had convulsions, one of whom later developed chronic epilepsy. The CSF was pathological in all the cases. Oligoclonal gamma-globulin subfraction was found in three out of the five patients tested. Three patients died. Histological examination was carried out in two of them; it revealed severe perivenous demyelinisation due to inflammation. Cortisone treatment occasionally with azathioprine reduced the duration of exacerbations, but could not prevent renewed ones and caused severe side-effects. Multiple sclerosis is a rare but not exceptional condition in children. The differences between cases in children and adults are age-dependent.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis in childhood: long term katamnestic investigations. 408 9

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains two groups of proteins that bind tightly to DNA and to polyriboguanylic acid, respectively. In certain diseases the amounts of a given nucleic acid bound by a constant volume of CSF may increase, while in others the amount of such proteins may be reduced. Binding of polyriboguanylic acid increased in CSF samples from patients with brain tumors, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and communicating hydrocephalus, but it significantly decreased in CSF samples from patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. These increases may or may not be proportional to the rise in total CSF proteins characteristic for these diseases. Elevated binding of DNA was observed in samples from patients with hydrocephalus, epilepsy, and cortical atrophy. The technique described may be applicable to the diagnosis of a variety of diseases of the central nervous system.
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PMID:Proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid: binding with nucleic acids. 474 37

The effects of ovulation inhibitors on the central nervous system are discussed. These include headaches (including migraine), cerebral pseudotumor (unexplained increase in intracranial pressure), lesions of the optic nerve such as retrobulbar neuritis, papillitis and papilledema, and occlusions of retinal veins and arteries, and mild psychological effects. Cerebral thromboembolism is the most important group of side effects, and has been reported frequently, although its incidence is about 25% that of pregnancy. In isolated instances, chorea, polyneuropathy, and myalgia have been reported as side effects. Little or nothing is known of the effects of oral contraceptives in epilepsy and multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:[Ovulation inhibitors and the nervous system]. 551 11

The authors determined FDP levels in the cerebrospinal fluid by the method of Merskey in 214 neurological patients and found raised levels in 58.6% of cases (from 0.1 to 8.0 ug/ml, with normal value range 0-0.5 ug/ml). In the control group the FDP levels in the CSF were normal. No correlation was noted between the FDP levels in the CSF and in blood. Raised CSF FDP level was observed in exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, strokes especially of embolic origin, syringomyelia, bulbar form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, lumbar disc lesions, polyneuropathy, parkinsonism, brain atrophy, after craniocerebral trauma, in Kleine-Levin syndrome. The authors are studying now the course of FDP changes in the CSF in various cases in the aspect of clinical-laboratory correlations.
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PMID:[Fibrin fibrinogen degradation products in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients]. 610 Mar 18

Prostaglandin F2 alpha concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from normal human subjects and patients with various pathological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean PGF2 alpha level in 54 controls with no evidence of organic CNS disease was 67 pg/ml (range: 25-150 pg/ml). A significant increase of PGF2 alpha levels was demonstrated in most samples from patients with CNS diseases. Extremely high values were found in patients with stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage when samples were collected shortly after the cerebral attack. With the regression of clinical symptoms and radiological findings a decrease of PGF2 alpha levels was demonstrated in this group of patients. In 32 patients with cerebral transient ischemic attacks a mean PGF2 alpha concentration of 170 pg/ml (range: 35-355 pg/ml) was found. Increased PGF2 alpha levels were found in patients with epilepsy when samples were collected within a few days after a convulsion. PGF2 alpha levels of four patients with slow progredient forms of multiple sclerosis without clinical symptoms at the time of sample collection were not different from normal controls while the mean PGF2 alpha level of all other patients with multiple sclerosis was 152 pg/ml (range: 55-325 pg/ml). Moreover, increased values could be demonstrated in patients with cerebral tumors and inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Prostaglandin F2 alpha levels in human cerebrospinal fluid in normal and pathological conditions. 615 83

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured in CSF as such and following acid hydrolysis by the ion-exchange/fluorometric method. The conjugated GABA level was obtained by subtracting the free GABA level from the total GABA level. Results showed that at room temperature, while the free GABA level increased, the level of conjugated GABA decreased in a linear fashion during the first 24 h (r = -0.974; P less than 0.001). Aging and CSF conjugated GABA levels were inversely correlated (r = -0.613; P less than 0.05). Unlike free GABA levels, the levels of conjugated GABA were not altered in Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebellar ataxias, dementias, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis compared to controls. In patients with Huntington's disease, on administration of isoniazid at 900 mg/day, along with pyridoxine at 100 mg/day, a 4-fold increase of both free (P less than 0.005) and conjugated GABA (P less than 0.0025) was seen. The results indicate that while total GABAergic peptides are not altered in several of the neurologic diseases studied, drugs such as isoniazid and/or pyridoxine can significantly elevate both free and conjugated GABA levels in human CSF.
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PMID:Free and conjugated GABA in human cerebrospinal fluid: effect of degenerative neurologic diseases and isoniazid. 623 93

Epileptic seizures were one of the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis in 12 out of the 800 patients studied. They were more frequent during the disease exacerbation and served as an indicator of the pathological process activity. The significance of immunological impairments in the genesis of these attacks is outlined.
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PMID:[Epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis patients]. 643 27

Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CSF were measured by the ion exchange-fluorometric method in 136 patients who underwent evaluation for neurologic disorders. In 19 patients with no organic neurologic or mental disorders who acted as normal controls, the mean (+/-SD) GABA level in CSF was 239 +/- 76 picomoles/mL. Patients with acute hypoxic encephalopathy showed a mean GABA level in CSF higher than that of the controls, a difference that was statistically significant. In all the other disorders studied, the mean GABA level in CSF was either equal to or lower than that found in the controls. Statistically significant reductions of the GABA level in CSF were seen in patients with Huntington's disease, dementias, cerebellar cortical atrophy, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurologic disorders. 644 78

Immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was measured in lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with various neurological disorders and in 2 hour aliquots of cisternal fluid removed continuously from rhesus monkeys. Although most of the VIP in concentrated pools of human ventricular fluid and of monkey cisternal fluid co-eluted with synthetic porcine VIP28 on a column of Sephadex G-25 superfine, there was evidence that smaller immunoreactive fragments were also present. A circadian pattern of CSF VIP concentration was observed in 2 of the 3 monkeys studied, with highest levels occurring at night and lowest during the day. Ventricular fluid VIP levels were highest in hydrocephalic children and lowest in patients with multiple sclerosis or epilepsy, while VIP was not detectable in ventricular fluid from patients in coma following a severe head injury. There were no significant differences in VIP concentrations in CSF from patients with dystonia. Parkinson's disease, or Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that VIP containing neurons are not affected in these disorders. Lumbar fluid VIP levels were low in patients undergoing aneurysm surgery. Since VIP is a potent vasodilator, these findings may have important implications in relation to the development of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide in cerebrospinal fluid. 647 66


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