Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The avascularity of cardiac valves is abrogated in several valvular heart diseases (VHDs). This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying valvular avascularity and its correlation with VHD. Chondromodulin-I, an antiangiogenic factor isolated from cartilage, is abundantly expressed in cardiac valves. Gene targeting of chondromodulin-I resulted in enhanced Vegf-A expression, angiogenesis, lipid deposition and calcification in the cardiac valves of aged mice. Echocardiography showed aortic valve thickening, calcification and turbulent flow, indicative of early changes in aortic stenosis. Conditioned medium obtained from cultured valvular interstitial cells strongly inhibited tube formation and mobilization of endothelial cells and induced their apoptosis; these effects were partially inhibited by chondromodulin-I small interfering RNA. In human VHD, including cases associated with infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis, VEGF-A expression, neovascularization and calcification were observed in areas of chondromodulin-I downregulation. These findings provide evidence that chondromodulin-I has a pivotal role in maintaining valvular normal function by preventing angiogenesis that may lead to VHD.
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PMID:Chondromodulin-I maintains cardiac valvular function by preventing angiogenesis. 1702

Cardiac valves are recognized as avascular tissue as well as cartilage and eye. We recently identified chondromodulin-I as crucial anti-angiogenic factor for maintaining cardiac valvular function. chondromodulin-I was first detected at developmental stage E9.5 in outflow tract, valvular primordium, and left ventricle, but was restricted to cardiac valves from late embryogenesis to adult. In ApoE(-/-) mice and human valvular heart diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart diseases, and infective endocarditis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and neovascularization were observed in the area of down-regulation of chondromodulin-I. Conditioned medium from cultured-valvular interstitial cells strongly inhibited tube formation and migration of endothelial cells, and these effects were partially blocked by chondromodulin-I siRNA in vitro. Gene targeting of chondromodulin-I caused VEGF expression, neovascularization, lipid deposition, and calcification in cardiac valves of aged mice. Echocardiography showed aortic valve thickening and turbulent flow suggesting early stage of aortic stenosis. These findings provide evidence that chondromodulin-I is a crucial factor for maintaining normal cardiac valvular function by preventing angiogenesis that may lead to valvular heart diseases.
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PMID:[Role of anti-angiogenic factor chondromodulin-I for maintaining cardiac valvular function]. 1733 40

The human chondromodulin-1 (Chm-1, Chm-I, CNMD, or Lect1) gene encodes a 334 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein protein with characteristics of a furin cleavage site and a putative glycosylation site. Chm-1 is expressed most predominantly in healthy and developing avascular cartilage, and healthy cardiac valves. Chm-1 plays a vital role during endochondral ossification by the regulation of angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic and chondrogenic properties of Chm-1 are attributed to its role in tissue development, homeostasis, repair and regeneration, and disease prevention. Chm-1 promotes chondrocyte differentiation, and is regulated by versatile transcription factors, such as Sox9, Sp3, YY1, p300, Pax1, and Nkx3.2. Decreased expression of Chm-1 is implicated in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis and infective endocarditis. Chm-1 appears to attenuate osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting catabolic activity, and to mediate anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we present the molecular structure and expression profiling of Chm-1. In addition, we bring a summary to the potential role of Chm-1 in cartilage development and homeostasis, osteoarthritis onset and progression, and to the pathogenic role of Chm-1 in infective endocarditis and cancers. To date, knowledge of the Chm-1 receptor, cellular signalling, and the molecular mechanisms of Chm-1 is rudimentary. Advancing our understanding the role of Chm-1 and its mechanisms of action will pave the way for the development of Chm-1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases, such as osteoarthritis, infective endocarditis, and cancer, and for potential tissue regenerative bioengineering applications.
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PMID:Chondromodulin-1 in health, osteoarthritis, cancer, and heart disease. 3131 6