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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the century and a quarter since William Osler delivered his famed Gulstonian lectures on endocarditis, continual advancements have been made in understanding and treating this disease. Here we have reviewed some key aspects of current knowledge in the areas of population epidemiology, host factors, microorganisms, and diagnosis. The advent of the ICE investigation provides the opportunity to further expand our understanding of IE by developing a very large, global database of IE patients whose clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiologic findings have been characterized with standard methodology. Further, ICE may serve as a rich source of material for investigators seeking to perform specific studies. Finally, the ICE infrastructure creates the opportunity for performing randomized trials to test therapeutic strategies. Although many obstacles remain to be overcome, ICE has created the opportunity for a quantum leap in our knowledge of IE over the next 25 years.
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PMID:Progress toward a global understanding of infective endocarditis. Lessons from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis. 1287 89

Extraction of pacemaker leads represents the optimal therapy in patients with endocarditis involving the pacemaker leads. The percutaneous approach is becoming popular. However, complications of percutaneous extraction are not rare and incomplete removal of the vegetations with embolization in the pulmonary arteries has been described. This case report describes for the first time a case of incomplete removal of the fibrous sheath covering the lead, with residual tissue floating in the right atrium after pacemaker/ICD extraction. ICE monitoring was essential for early detection and correct diagnosis of this complication.
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PMID:Residual fibrous tissue floating in the right atrium after percutaneous pacemaker lead extraction: an unusual complication early detected by intracardiac echocardiography. 1758 87

Propionibacterium species are occasionally associated with serious systemic infections such as infective endocarditis. In this study, we examined the clinical features, complications and outcome of 15 patients with Propionibacterium endocarditis using the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database (ICE-MD) and Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS), and compared the results to 28 cases previously reported in the literature. In the ICE database, 11 of 15 patients were male with a mean age of 52 y. Prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred in 13 of 15 cases and 3 patients had a history of congenital heart disease. Clinical findings included valvular vegetations (9 patients), cardiac abscesses (3 patients), congestive heart failure (2 patients), and central nervous system emboli (2 patients). Most patients were treated with beta-lactam antibiotics alone or in combination for 4 to 6 weeks. 10 of the 15 patients underwent valve replacement surgery and 2 patients died. Similar findings were noted on review of the literature. The results of this paper suggest that risk factors for Propionibacterium endocarditis include male gender, presence of prosthetic valves and congenital heart disease. The clinical course is characterized by complications such as valvular dehiscence, cardiac abscesses and congestive heart failure. Treatment may require a combination of medical and surgical therapy.
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PMID:Propionibacterium endocarditis: a case series from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database and Prospective Cohort Study. 1785 87

Epidemiology of infectious endocarditis has changed in last decades, endocarditis associated to hospital practices, sustained by multiresistant pathogens being highly increased. In particular, methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA), almost resistant to a number of other antimicrobial classes, often exhibit a reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (h-VISA) with MICs' values more e than 1 mg/l, leading to suppose a reduced therapeutic efficacy of this drug. Thirty-one percent of MRSA strains in the ICE study, which prospectively collected more than 5000 endocarditis, were h-VISA. Daptomycin shows a rapid bactericidal activity against both methicillin-susceptible staphylococcci (MSSA) and MRSA, included those strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Daptomycin shows a good therapeutic efficacy in staphylococcal endocarditis: MRSA 71%, MSSA 75%. These data suggest the use of daptomycin as initial therapy for treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis, independently from methcillin susceptibility. Some experimental data showed that daptomycin efficacy can diminish, if it is used as a rescue therapy after vancomycin failure. The thickness of bacterial cell-wall recognized in h-VISA strains can represent a physical and electrical barrier to reach both the vancomycin and daptomycin target site. However, the reduced efficacy of daptomycin following vancomycin exposure is an extremely rare event in the clinical practice. It is preferrable to use daptomycin as first line therapy, at a proper dosage. As far as endocarditis is concerned, recent data proved the excellent daptomycin tolerability, with dosages up to 8-10 mg/kg/die. During the treatment, CPK values must be always monitored. For endocarditis sustained by vancomycin-resistant enterococci, therapeutic choices are based on linezolid or ampicillin-ceftriaxone combination therapy. Daptomycin alone, or in association with gentamycin and rifampin, can represent a promising therapeutic alternative.
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PMID:[Treatment of multiresistant Gram positive endocarditis]. 1983 95

Repeat episodes of infective endocarditis (IE) can occur in patients who survive an initial episode. We analysed risk factors and 1-year mortality of patients with repeat IE. We considered 1874 patients enrolled in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis - Prospective Cohort Study between January 2000 and December 2006 (ICE-PCS) who had definite native or prosthetic valve IE and 1-year follow-up. Multivariable analysis was used to determine risk factors for repeat IE and 1-year mortality. Of 1874 patients, 1783 (95.2%) had single-episode IE and 91 (4.8%) had repeat IE: 74/91 (81%) with new infection and 17/91 (19%) with presumed relapse. On bivariate analysis, repeat IE was associated with haemodialysis (p 0.002), HIV (p 0.009), injection drug use (IDU) (p < 0.001), Staphylococcus aureus IE (p 0.003), healthcare acquisition (p 0.006) and previous IE before ICE enrolment (p 0.001). On adjusted analysis, independent risk factors were haemodialysis (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3), IDU (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6-5.4), previous IE (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5-5.1) and living in the North American region (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4). Patients with repeat IE had higher 1-year mortality than those with single-episode IE (p 0.003). Repeat IE is associated with IDU, previous IE and haemodialysis. Clinicians should be aware of these risk factors in order to recognize patients who are at risk of repeat IE.
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PMID:Repeat endocarditis: analysis of risk factors based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis - Prospective Cohort Study. 2410 7