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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium hominis are reported. In both instances infection was subacute and characterized by (i) implantation on abnormal valves, (ii) chronic course lasting weeks to months before recognition, and (iii) rapid clinical and bacteriological response to penicillin, as well as other antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. Our isolates of C. hominis are compared with strains in the National Institutes of Health culture collection. Optimal growth requires yeast extract and incubation at 37 degrees C with increased humidity and supplemental CO2. The production of indole, a positive oxidase reaction, and characteristic sugar fermentation distinguish C. hominis from other slow-growing, gram-negative bacilli.
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PMID:Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis: description of two patients and characterization of the organism. 83 69

Seven young to middle-aged patients with Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis are reported. Three patients had underlying heart disease and three patients had recent events predisposing for endocarditis. The clinical presentation was subacute or acute and new pathologic murmurs were uncommon. Diagnosis was prolonged because of difficulties in isolating the organism. Routine subculturing of blood cultures to chocolate agar with incubation in CO2 is recommended. A prominent complication, occurring in six patients, was major arterial occlusion secondary to emboli. Antibiotic control of infection was difficult and best achieved by the concomitant administration of ampicillin and gentamicin. Killing curves proved useful in assessing antibiotic efficacy. There were two medical failures and one death in the series. It appears H. parainfluenzae endocarditis is characterized by distinctive clinical features, difficult in vitro isolation of the organism, and the necessity for combination antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae infective endocarditis. 84 91

Members of the viridans group of streptococci are the commonest causes of bacterial endocarditis. However, Streptococcus mutans, a member of this group associated with dental caries which might be expected to be commonly associated with endocarditis, has only rarely been reported. This is possibly because of difficulties in isolation and identification. Differing blood culture media may affect the chances of isolation of these organisms, and, though brain-heart infusion, thiol, tryptic soy, and glucose-brain infusion broths have all proved satisfactory, subcultures may require increased CO2 concentrations for growth. Plemorphism in the resultant colonies and in the individual organisms may give rise to a hazardous misinterpretation of this appearance as contamination. Strep. mutans and the similarly penicillin sensitive Strep. bovis may be differentiated from the penicillin resistant enterococci by their lincomycin sensitivity and intolerance of 6-3 per cent sodium chloride. Precise differentiation of streptococci in bacterial endocarditis is of value both epidemiologically and in the management of the disease.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus mutans. 86 80

A case of Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis successfully treated with ampicillin is described. The patient, a 24-year-old woman, had a prolapsed mitral valve. The organism was initally misidentified as H. parainfluenzae, which it closely resembles. H. paraphrophilus is distinguished by its requirement of 10% CO2 for growth on NaCl-free medium and its inability to ferment xylose.
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PMID:Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis in a prolapsed mitral valve. 98 99

On July 1994, a 62-year-old female, having a history of mitral regurgitation, was admitted because of high fever, hematuria and conjunctival petechiae. She was diagnosed as having infective endocarditis with mitral valve vegetation proved by ultrasonic cardiography. The gram negative rods were isolated from blood cultures performed five times, performed prior to the administration of antibiotics. The isolates were identified as strains of H. aphrophilus. After two days of treatment with PCG (12 million units/day), the organism became undetectable from the blood. Since the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of PCG and ABPC were ranged between 0.06-2.0 micrograms/ml and 0.06-0.5 microgram/ml, respectively, ABPC was selected as a first choice antibiotic instead of PCG. ABPC was given 12 g/day for the first 3 days, then 6 g/day for 28 days, followed by 3 g/day for 7 days. The patient recovered and was discharged after the 55 hospital days. H. aphrophilus grew on BTB lactose agar, chocolate agar and sheep blood agar, but failed to grow on MacConkey agar. H. aphrophilus produced smooth transparent nonhaemolytic micro colonies after 48 hours on sheep blood agar and chocolate agar plates. Atmosphere with 5% CO2 failed to enhance their growth. All the five strains of H. aphrophilus isolated, required neither factors V nor X. Positive synthesis of porphyrin from delta-aminolevlinic acid confirmed their ability to grow without X factor. For the correct identification of H. aphrophilus strains, fermentation test of glucose, lactose, maltose and sucrose in either phenol red broth or CTA medium are necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Haemophilus aphrophilus isolated from the blood of a patient with infective endocarditis]. 756 Dec 48

A Rochalimaea-like organism (strain F9251) was isolated from a patient with endocarditis after blood drawn for culture before antimicrobial therapy was subcultured onto blood and chocolate agars and incubated for 2 weeks in 5% CO2. The strain was phenotypically similar to known Rochalimaea species. The cellular fatty acid composition of strain F9251 was close to but distinct from those of the three known Rochalimaea species and was most similar to that of R. vinsonii. Labeled DNA from strain F9251 was 59 to 67% related to DNAs from type strains of the three described Rochalimaea species, and its 16S rRNA gene sequence was 98.9% or more homologous to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. These findings support classification of F9251 as a new Rochalimaea species, for which the name Rochalimaea elizabethae sp. nov. is proposed. The patient infected with the organism had large bacterial vegetations on his aortic valve and was cured with antibiotics and valve-replacement surgery. Recognition of the procedures required to identify this and other Rochalimaea species suggests that clinical laboratories should prolong the incubation times of cultures of blood and tissue from patients with suspected endocarditis, patients with fever of unknown origin, and immunocompromised patients with fever so that the full spectrum of disease caused by these organisms can be recognized.
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PMID:Rochalimaea elizabethae sp. nov. isolated from a patient with endocarditis. 768 47

A commensal organism of the buccal cavity, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AAC) has been responsible for at least four new cases of infectious endocarditis by year in France. This retrospective study was based on 90 new cases of infectious endocarditis by AAC, including 8 personal observations. One third of patients had no known cardiac disease before their infectious endocarditis, the portal of entry of which was usually dental. In cases of suspected infectious endocarditis, rapid and severe weight loss (43% of cases) and, less commonly, anicteric cholestasis (8%) should alert the physician for the possible pathological role of AAC. The echocardiographic appearances are non-specific. The diagnosis is confirmed on blood cultures but the organism grows slowly in CO2 enriched atmosphere. Initially, the course of the disease was favourable in one third of patients but, in two thirds of cases, complications were observed almost renal (26%), cardiac (24%) and neurological (18%). Two thirds of patients were cured by the time they were discharged whereas the remainder had sequellae, mainly valvular and neurological. The hospital mortality was 9%; late mortality was 6%. Therefore, the prognosis of AAC endocarditis, seems to be better than that of other bacteriological forms. A combination of cephalosporin and aminoside, or even a simple third generation cephalosporin antibiotic therapy for at least 4 weeks are usually effective. The complementary surgical indications are the same as for other forms of infectious endocarditis. Prophylaxis depends on strict prophylactic amoxicillin therapy for all cardiac patients at risk of infectious endocarditis before dental treatment and on good bucco-dental hygiene.
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PMID:[Infectious endocarditis induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. 8 new cases]. 778 13

Blood coagulation has been studied in 59 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis running in association with nonspecific endocarditis following a course of endobronchial laser (He-Ne or CO2 units) radiation. The treatment resulted in intensification of intravascular hemocoagulation. On after-treatment month 5-8 hemostatic disorders in the above patients were less manifest than in matched patients treated with antibacterial drugs combined with standard endobronchial therapy.
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PMID:[State of the hemostasis system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing endobronchial laser therapy]. 817 Sep 9

Bacterial endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AA) is an extremely rare disease. AA, a gram negative cocco-bacillus, normally resides in the oral cavity. It is involved mostly in local oral cavity infections, but severe systemic infections caused by it have been reported. We describe a 63-year-old man with endocarditis caused by AA which probably originated from a dental abscess. The course of the disease was complicated by acute myocardial ischemia, apparently caused by coronary artery embolism. To enable growth of this bacterium, blood cultures should be maintained for 2-3 weeks in a CO2-rich atmosphere.
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PMID:[Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis]. 834 5

Capnocytophaga canimorsus, formerly designated Dysgonic fermenter 2 (DF-2) was first described in 1976; it is a commensal bacterium of dogs and cats saliva, which can be transmitted to man by bite (54% of cases), scratch (8.5%), or mere exposure to animals (27%). We present a review of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections and 12 cases of infection in France. Over 100 cases of human infections have been reported, mainly septicemia in patients with diminished defences, due to splenectomy (33%), alcohol abuse (24%), immunosuppression (5%). However 40% of septicemia occur in patients with no predisposing conditions. Other infections are less frequent: meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis, pleural and localized eye infections. These infections range from mild to fulminating disease, with shock, respiratory distress, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Dermatological lesions (macular or maculopapular rash, purpura) or gangrene are common. This fastidious Gram-negative bacterium grows slowly on chocolate agar or on heart infusion agar with 5% rabbit blood incubated in 5% CO2. In spite of a great susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics, the mortality is of 30%. Because of the severity of these infections, taking into account this organism in the management of bites is necessary, especially in patients with predisposing factors.
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PMID:Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections in human: review of the literature and cases report. 890 16


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