Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chromosomal and plasmid DNA have been extracted from six isolates of Coxiella burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected after HaeIII digestions of chromosomal DNA revealed four different patterns that distinguished the American from the European isolates, and the Nine Mile phase I prototype strain from a spontaneously derived, isogenic phase II nonrevertant variant. At least one of the HaeIII fragments visible in the pattern from Nine Mile phase I and not in that from Nine Mile phase II could not be detected by DNA-DNA hybridization, and thus may have been deleted during the phase transition. Comparison of Nine Mile phase II, which does not survive animal passage, with Grita M44 phase II, which does, indicated that the HaeIII fragment was present in the Grita strain. These results suggest that this HaeIII fragment may be concerned with functions necessary to survive the cellular immune response in vivo. Isolates from two human endocarditis cases showed the greatest divergence from all the other isolates, having at least five fragments of unique mobility in the HaeIII digestion pattern of their chromosomal DNA. Also, a plasmid obtained from these two isolates was 2 to 3 kb larger than the plasmid present in the other five isolates, and its restriction pattern could be distinguished from that of the other plasmids by several endonucleases. Detection of chromosomal and plasmid restriction fragment length polymorphisms among strains of phase I or phase II C. burnetii from various geographical locations and environmental sources will facilitate Q fever diagnosis and strain identification.
 ...
PMID:Genetic heterogeneity among isolates of Coxiella burnetii. 301 63

Biotyping, slime production, bacteriophage typing, serotyping, antibiograms, and plasmid profiles were used to characterize 19 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from 12 patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis and from 7 patients with native valve endocarditis. With the API Staph battery, 12 different biocodes with, at the most, three differences were obtained. Slime production was found for 10 strains (53%). Agglutinogens investigated by agglutination with two specific sera were found for 12 strains (63.1%). Three strains were phage typable (15.2%). Against a panel of nine antimicrobial agents, 15 different profiles were found. Multiply antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis when disease onset occurred less than 18 months after heart surgery and from patients with native valve endocarditis who received antibiotics immediately prior to their illness. All of the strains were available for plasmid analysis, and all the DNA profiles were distinct. On gels run in Tris-borate buffer, 73.7% of the strains had large plasmids of more than 30 megadaltons. A small plasmid of 2.8 megadaltons was found in multiply resistant strains and in strains resistant only to tetracyclines. None of the isolates appeared to be the same strain, and the bacteriological differences between the strains were confirmed mainly by the antibiotic susceptibility profile and the plasmid pattern analysis. These bacteriological results were in agreement with the clinical data.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from patients with endocarditis. 336 58

The obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of acute Q-fever and chronic endocarditis in humans and of several zoonotic infections. The DNA from a variety of these disease isolates was compared for homology to the plasmid QpH1, found in the Nine Mile strain. Three patterns of homology were found in these isolates, i.e., one pattern identical to that of QpH1, one common to several endocarditis isolates and goat abortion isolates, and one common to the remaining group of endocarditis isolates. Plasmid DNA from the endocarditis-abortion isolate group, designated QpRS, was mapped by restriction enzyme analysis and compared with QpH1. These data show that QpRS was 2 to 3 kilobase pairs larger, contained DNA not found in QpH1, but was not generated from QpH1 by a single insertional event. Isolation of plasmid DNA from the second endocarditis group of isolates was not successful and may indicate that the plasmid has integrated into the chromosome. This analysis provides the first clear evidence that differences exist between C. burnetii isolates which cause various diseases, indicating that different C. burnetii strains may have unique virulence characteristics.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of plasmid type and disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. 403 Jan 4

Human rheumatoid factors are antibodies of IgG, IgA, or IgM class that show reactions with antigenic determinants present on other immunoglobulin molecules. The most commonly measured rheumatoid factor relates to the 19S IgM type, which reacts by agglutination of latex particles coated with 7S IgG and is often measured in the standard latex fixation test. Approximately 65 to 70 per cent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis show positive serologic tests for rheumatoid factor; however, a number of other chronic disease conditions are also associated with positive rheumatoid factor reactions, including infective endocarditis, sarcoidosis, leprosy, and other hyperglobulinemic conditions. Although extensive serologic and immunochemical studies have identified a number of specific antigenic structural sites on immunoglobulin molecules that react with rheumatoid factors, recent studies have shown that a certain proportion of such antibodies may show cross-reactivity with DNA-histone complexes as well. It is still not entirely clear how rheumatoid factors fit into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis itself.
 ...
PMID:Symposium on the immunodiagnosis of rheumatic and related diseases, Part II. Rheumatoid factors. 618 75

One hundred strains of group A, B, C, D (S faecalis, S. faecium, S. bovis) F, G, S. pneumoniae and viridans streptococci were studied. All these strains were clinical isolates from infective endocarditis and fron upper respiratory, skin, genital and urinary tract infections. These stains were resistant to one or several antibiotics : tetracycline, macrolide and related drugs, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides (high-level resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin), and penicillin. Conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance markers (except penicillin) into streptococcal recipients was obtained at a high frequency (10(-1) to 10(-4)) for 12 strains and at a low frequency (10(-5) to 10(-8)) for 29 strains. R plasmids carrying various groups of resistance markers were isolated with different molecular weights. Enzyme restriction analysis showed the existence of different molecular species of streptococcal plasmids. All attempts to detect extrachromosomal DNA in 17 wild-type strains and in the corresponding transconjugants were unsuccessful.
 ...
PMID:[Antibiotic resistance genetic basis of human origin streptococci (author's transl)]. 705 Aug 50

The electrophoretic pattern formed by individual bacterial plasmid DNA molecules of differing molecular size was evaluated as an epidemiological marker among isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). Purified covalently closed circular plasmid DNA was obtained from selected isolates, and 79% of the plasmids were found to be less than 10 megadaltons in size; only these small plasmids were sought in subsequent screening gels. Crude cell lysates obtained by a rapid lysis technique and screened by agarose gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of one or more small plasmids in 54 of 58 (93%) PVE isolates; 79% contained two or more. Among 45 plasmid-containing isolates from cases of sporadic PVE at three institutions there were no identical plasmid patterns, although several isolates differed by a single plasmid. In contrast, among nine isolates from a cluster of cases of PVE in Canada, two groups of three isolates each had identical plasmid patterns. Additional clinical data suggested that these isolates were epidemiologically related. Phage typing distinguished one of the groups with plasmid pattern identity, but not the other, from the three isolates with dissimilar patterns. Plasmid pattern analysis shows promise as an epidemiological marker for clinically important isolates of S. epidermidis.
 ...
PMID:Plasmid pattern analysis of Staphylococcal epidermidis isolates from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. 705 79

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is both a human oropharyngeal commensal bacterium and a cause of serious invasive disease. The fastidious growth characteristics of this organism and the poor specificity of traditional methods for species identification are likely to have led to inaccuracies in the diagnosis of infections caused by H. parainfluenzae and related organisms. We report a case of H. parainfluenzae endocarditis in which confusion related to microbial identification was resolved by the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. Rapid identification was facilitated by amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA directly from cultured cells with use of the polymerase chain reaction and by direct DNA sequence determination of the amplified product. This procedure is potentially useful for the identification of fastidious bacterial pathogens by reference laboratories.
 ...
PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis: application of a molecular approach for identification of pathogenic bacterial species. 752 52

This report concerns a patient with cardiac manifestation of Whipple's disease. For the first time, the gene that encodes the 16s rRNA of Tropheryma whippelii was identified in a native aortic valve by means of a polymerase chain reaction technique. DNA amplification gives evidence of Tropheryma whippelii as a causative organism in infective endocarditis.
 ...
PMID:Tropheryma whippelii endocarditis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. 754 May 50

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) has been traditionally divided into early (EPVE) and late (LPVE) forms, the division being made at 60 days after operation. Recent actuarial studies suggest that the risk of EPVE continues up to 12 months after operation. This new insight must increase the emphasis on perioperative prevention, including those measures taken at the time of operation, such as antibiotic prophylaxis, and particularly, the prevention of postoperative nosocomial bacteraemia which other recent studies suggest is a much more significant factor than previously appreciated. The application of DNA-based typing methods of the predominant causative organisms of EPVE [coagulase-negative staphylococci; (CNS)] can be increasingly expected to unravel the aetiology of EPVE and support more logical preventive measures. As with the prevention of native valve endocarditis, the prevention of LPVE currently relies on antibiotic prophylaxis at predictable times of bacteraemia. Epidemiological studies have shown that events currently recognized account for a very minor proportion of cases. The elucidation of the incidence, causes and potential preventive measures of the spontaneous bacteraemias responsible for most cases of LPVE remains a major task. The prevention of all forms of PVE is presently inadequate. Recent studies have not improved our abilities but have served to define areas in which existing measures should be re-emphasized and other areas in which more knowledge is urgently required.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of prosthetic valve endocarditis. 756 Sep 82

Species of the genus Rochalimaea, recently renamed Bartonella, are of a growing medical interest. Bartonella quintana was reported as the cause of trench fever, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis. B. henselae has been implicated in symptoms and infections of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, such as fever, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis, and is involved in the etiology of cat scratch disease. Such a wide spectrum of infections makes it necessary to obtain an intraspecies identification tool in order to perform epidemiological studies. B. vinsonii, B. elizabethae, seven isolates of B. quintana, and four isolates of B. henselae were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after restriction with the infrequently cutting endonucleases NotI, EagI, and SmaI. Specific profiles were obtained for each of the four Bartonella species. Comparison of genomic fingerprints of isolates of the same species showed polymorphism in DNA restriction patterns, and a specific profile was obtained for each isolate. A phylogenetic analysis of the B. quintana isolates was obtained by using the Dice coefficient, UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages), and Package Philip programming. Amplification by PCR and subsequent sequencing using an automated laser fluorescent DNA sequencer (Pharmacia) was performed on the intergenic spacer region (ITS) between the 16 and 23S rRNA genes. It was found that each B. henselae isolate had a specific sequence, while the B. quintana isolates fell into only two groups. When endonuclease restriction analysis of the ITS PCR product was done, three enzymes, TaqI, HindIII, and HaeIII, allowed species identification of Bartonella spp. Restriction fragment length polymorphism after PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS may be useful for rapid species identification, and PFGE could be an efficient method for isolate identification.
 ...
PMID:Inter- and intraspecies identification of Bartonella (Rochalimaea) species. 858 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>