Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective survey of liver function during oxacillin sodium therapy revealed five cases of drug-related abnormalities among 41 patients. In each instance, the serum transaminase level was increased from normal to greater than 100 units. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was mildly elevated and bilirubin levels remained normal. All of the patients were asymptomatic. Hepatic dysfunction was reversible on withdrawal of oxacillin therapy and substitution of a cephalosporin or clindamycin. The observed abnormalities in liver function were associated with a daily oxacillin sodium dose of greater than or equal to 12 gm as well as with heroin addiction and staphylococcal endocarditis.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis associated with high-dose oxacillin therapy. 64 63

Rifampin was added to existing antibiotic regimens in two patients with Staphylococcus epidermidis infections; one patient had prosthetic valve endocarditis and the other had an infection of a CSF shunt. The addition of rifampin increased serum or CSF bactericidal titers 16-fold or greater and was correlated with a favorable clinical response. The results of tests for tube-dilution antibiotic susceptibility showed rifampin to be the most active of all antibiotics tested against the patients' organisms. The combinations of gentamicin sulfate, nafcillin sodium, or vancomycin hydrochloride with rifampin prevented the emergence of rifampin resistance in vitro and promoted enhanced killing when compared with either antibiotic alone.
 ...
PMID:Rifampin therapy of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Use in infections from indwelling artificial devices. 67 4

We recently treated two narcotic addicts with bacterial endocarditis who developed the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). This prompted a retrospective review of blood chemistry studies in all narcotic addicts admitted to our hospital over a 30-month period because of a clinical suspicion of bacterial endocarditis. Patients with culture-positive endocarditis (group 1) had significantly lower plasma osmolality, sodium, calcium and albumin values (P less than .02, .001, .005, and .005 respectively) than addicts without endocarditis (group 2). More than 90% of those in group 1 had hyponatremia, and 48% had plasma hypoosmolality. These findings may be of value in the initial evaluation of ill narcotic addicts for hospitalization.
 ...
PMID:Blood chemistry abnormalities in bacterial endocarditis of narcotic addicts. 72 31

This paper describes a case of disseminated gonococcal infection, a rare disease in France. A 41 year-old woman was hospitalised with acute polyarthritis and characteristics skin lesions. Jaundice and liver function abnormalities are difficult to interpret due to a preexisting alcoholic cirrhosis. The possibility of an endocarditis is raised because of a systolic murmur heard at the base of the heart. Bacteriological identification of N. Gonorrhoeae is carried out in blood culture; it has also been recovered by scrapings of a cutaneous bullae by staining only. Therapy was instituted by daily intravenous penicillin G sodium 50 000 000 u. and intramuscular gentamicin 160 mg for 45 days. There resulted good clinical and bacteriological response. The elements of clinical and bacteriological diagnosis, as well as the therapy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Gonococcal septicemia. 1 case]. 81 66

The nephropathy associated with methicillin sodium therapy is considered to be rare, but its prevalence is unknown. We reviewed the antibiotic therapy of 81 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia to establish the frequency and determinants of methicillin nephropathy in that disease. Fifty-two patients received methicillin; nine (17%) experienced the characteristic clinical signs previously associated with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. This nephropathy uniformly subsided after methicillin was withdrawn, and did not always include deterioration of renal function. Factors that correlated with methicillin nephropathy were endocarditis and prolonged treatment, but not intravenous drug abuse. There was only one adverse reaction among 29 patients treated with a cephalosporin. It was similar to the nephropathic reactions to methicillin. Thus, reversible renal abnormalities are prevalent during methicillin therapy, particularly among patients with staphylococcal infections such as endocarditis. When prolonged therapy with methicillin is required, the urinary sediment and renal excretory function should be monitored.
 ...
PMID:Nephropathy associated with methicillin therapy. Prevalence and determinants in patients with staphylococcal bacteremia. 87 56

Combinations of penicillin G sodium or ampicillin plus streptomycin sulfate do not produce synergism against all strains of enterococci. This lack of synergism was considered the cause of the failure in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. The effect of various combinations of antibiotics on 15 enterococcus strains, which had been isolated from patients with enterococcal endocarditis, was examined. The antibiotics included those that interfere with cell-wall synthesis and those that act on cell metabolism. The in vitro results have shown that while penicillin- or ampicillin-streptomycin combination was not synergistic in eight of 15 strains, penicillin- or ampicillin-gentamicin sulfate combination was synergistic in 100% of the cases. We report seven cases of enterococcal endocarditis that were successfully treated with penicillin- or ampicillin-gentamicin combination, thus confirming the effectiveness of this therapeutic regimen.
 ...
PMID:Synergistic treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: in vitro and in vivo studies. 92 43

In a case of staphylococcal endocarditis, we failed to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus from the blood stream with vancomycin hydrochloride therapy. The strain involved was sensitive to vancomycin by disk diffusion studies but showed a wide disparity between minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations. The lack of a bactericidal effect was probably responsible for the failure of treatment. A synergistic effect was demonstrated for the combination of gentamicin sulfate and methicillin sodium, and the patient was ultimately cured with this combination plus vancomycin. Bactericidal tests are important in choosing an antimicrobial agent for treatment of endocarditis.
 ...
PMID:Failure of vancomycin treatment in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. In vivo and in vitro observations. 98 35

Forty patients had staphylococcal endocarditis and a history of parenteral drug abuse. Clinical and microbiologic features of their cases were evaluated. None of our patients were known to have had preexisting valvular disease. The tricuspid valve lesions and their pulmonary complications were the predominant findings. Systemic complications in the form of meningitis, glomerulonephritis, empyema, arthritis, and nosocomial Gram-negative septicemia occurred in 33% of our patients. Of interest was the high incidence of reactions to therapy especially with methicillin sodium, which occurred in 30% of patients. Correlation of phage type and group with the antibiotic sensitivities of individual staphylococci showed that group 3 and phage types 6, 42E, 54, and 75 were much more resistant to penicillin than other groups and types. The clinical outcome did not relate to phage type and group or to antibiotic sensitivity of the organism.
 ...
PMID:Staphylococcal endocarditis in drug users. Clinical and microbiologic aspects. 120 Jul 24

It is clear that cocaine has cardiotoxic effects. Acute doses of cocaine suppress myocardial contractility, reduce coronary caliber and coronary blood flow, induce electrical abnormalities in the heart, and in conscious preparations increase heart rate and blood pressure. These effects will decrease myocardial oxygen supply and may increase demand (if heart rate and blood pressure rise). Thus, myocardial ischemia and/or infarction may occur, the latter leading to large areas of confluent necrosis. Increased platelet aggregability may contribute to ischemia and/or infarction. Young patients who present with acute myocardial infarction, especially without other risk factors, should be questioned regarding use of cocaine. As recently pointed out by Cregler, cocaine is a new and sometimes unrecognized risk factor for heart disease. Acute depression of LV function by cocaine may lead to the presence of a transient cardiomyopathic presentation. Chronic cocaine use can lead to the above problems as well as to acceleration of atherosclerosis. Direct toxic effects on the myocardium have been suggested, including scattered foci of myocyte necrosis (and in some but not all studies, contraction band necrosis), myocarditis, and foci of myocyte fibrosis. These abnormalities may lead to cases of cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular hypertrophy associated with chronic cocaine recently has been described. Arrhythmias and sudden death may be observed in acute or chronic use of cocaine. Miscellaneous cardiovascular abnormalities include ruptured aorta and endocarditis. Most of the cardiac toxicity with cocaine can be traced to two basic mechanisms: one is its ability to block sodium channels, leading to a local anesthetic or membrane-stabilizing effect; the second is its ability to block reuptake of catecholamines in the presynaptic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system, resulting in increased sympathetic output and increased catecholamines. Other potential mechanisms of cocaine cardiotoxicity include a possible direct calcium effect leading to contraction of vessels and contraction bands in myocytes, hypersensitivity, and increased platelet aggregation (which may be related to increased catecholamine). The correct therapy for cocaine cardiotoxicity is not known. Calcium blockers, alpha-blockers, nitrates, and thrombolytic therapy show some promise for acute toxicity. Beta-Blockade is controversial and may worsen coronary blood flow. In patients who develop cardiomyopathy, the usual therapy for this entity is appropriate.
 ...
PMID:The effects of acute and chronic cocaine use on the heart. 134 9

Thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein (PMP) is considered to play an important role in preventing an important role in preventing streptococcal endocarditis. However, the structural features and functions of PMPs have not been well characterized, and their antibacterial spectra against other common endocarditis pathogens, such as the staphylococci, are not known. Thrombin stimulation of washed rabbit platelets (10(8)/ml) yielded a PMP-rich preparation with a specific activity of approximately 25 U/mg of protein as determined by Bacillus subtilis bioassay. Twenty-eight clinical and laboratory Staphylococcus aureus isolates, exposed to a standardized PMP preparation (100 U/ml for 2 h at 37 degrees C), exhibited a Poisson-distributed heterogeneity to the bactericidal action of PMP, with approximately one-third designated as PMP resistant. Gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-50) identified the bioactive moiety within PMP preparations to be in the major protein elution peak; sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) presumptively identified PMP as a low-molecular-weight (MW) (8,500) protein present only in such bioactive protein peaks. Both the bioactivity of PMP preparations and the low-MW protein band were removable by specific anionic membranes (e.g., cellulose-acetate/nitrate), as well as by a variety of anionic resins, further corroborating the suspected cationic charge of PMP. In addition, both PMP bioactivity and the low-MW protein band were recoverable by 1.5 M NaCl elution of the anionic membrane filters post-PMP adsorptive removal. Adsorption of bioactive PMP preparations by highly PMP-susceptible B. subtilis (10(8) CFU/ml, 30 min) resulted in a near-complete loss of residual bioactivity; in contrast, adsorption of bioactive PMP preparations with less PMP-susceptible S. aureus strains failed to reduce bioactivity. Significant lysozyme contamination of PMP-rich preparations was ruled out by determination of differences between bioactive PMP preparations and exogenous lysozyme as regards (i) relative heat stabilities; (ii) differential bactericidal activity versus B. subtilis and Micrococcus luteus; and (iii) SDS-PAGE protein profiles. These data show that the bioactive PMP protein moiety is of low MW, is heat stable, is probably cationic (similar to leukocyte-derived defensins), and possesses potent bactericidal activity against a significant percentage of S. aureus isolates.
 ...
PMID:Partial characterization and staphylocidal activity of thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein. 154 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>