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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
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Hamburger, former colleague of Thomassen at the Veterinary School in Utrecht, and then professor of Physiology in Groningen, reviewed the career and merits of Thomassen. After graduation as veterinary surgeon (Utrecht 1869) Thomassen developped a succesful veterinary practice in Maastricht, in the neighbourhood of which city he was born. He attracted attention by his publications in foreign veterinary journals. In 1881 he was appointed as clinical teacher at his old school. Next to internal medicine, his teachings encompassed diagnostics, general therapy, pharmacology and history of veterinary medicine. His inquiring spirit led him to manifold investigations. His therapy of bovine actinomycosis by potassium-iodine (1885) was that succesful that the American government set up a committee of inquiry, that only could confirm the effectiveness. The field of nervous diseases in domestic animals was hardly developed at his time. His broad and systematic research on the pathology and etiology of laryngeal hemiplegia was masterly executed. It was followed by a great number of investigations on the disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system. He made himself familiar with the necessary technics of microscopical pathological investigation. He devoted his attention also to the emerging field of bacteriology and its clinical implications. He studied endocarditis acuta in the horse, bacterial nephritis in calves, chronic nephritis in horses, but especially tuberculosis. His transmission experiments showed reciprocal infectivity of tuberculosis between animals and man. Therefore, he could rightfully oppose Robert Koch, who proclaimed the non-infectivity of bovine tuberculosis for humans at the International Tuberculosis Congress in London of 1901. The author draws a contrasting picture of Thomassen's results with the poor surroundings at the Veterinary School in his days and the shortage of tools that he had at his disposal. His true genius and original mind could overcome those difficulties. His wide range of talents manifested itself in his cultivation of the art of singing, his language abilities and his historical writings on Dutch national history of the 16th century and on veterinary medicine in classical Antiquity. He was an excellent teacher and very much appreciated as speaker at international congresses.
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PMID:[Oration held at the occasion of the bestowal of the honorary doctor's degree to M. H. J. P Thomassen by the Senate of the University of Groningen on 21 June 1905]. 2064 35

We report a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus equisimilis. A 74-year-old woman with endocarditis developed endogenous endophthalmitis. The patient underwent emergency mitral valvuloplasty, and intravitreal and subconjunctival injections of vancomycin and meropenem. After the surgery, she was treated with topical antibiotics, ointment, intravenous gentamicin and intravenous penicillin G potassium. The causative organism was identified as S. equisimilis. S. equisimilis should be considered as a pathogen that can cause severe endogenous endophthalmitis.
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PMID:Case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus equisimilis. 2082 33

Streptococcus vestibularis is a recently described member of the viridans group that was first isolated from the vestibular mucosa of the human oral cavity and described as a new species in 1988. It has been rarely associated with human infections. In few papers, it has been reported as a causal agent of systemic infection in immunosupressed adults and in those with other severe underlying diseases, like coronary valve diseases. A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever for three months, general malaise, effort dyspnea, weight loss, back pain and myalgia. Both native aortic valve endocarditis and spondylodiscitis due to Streptococcus vestibularis were detected. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous potassium penicillin G and gentamicin for six weeks, followed by oral amoxicillin for three months, in addition to aortic valve replacement. In all patients with spondylodiscitis, infective endocarditis should be considered, particularly in patients with heart valve disease history, since spondylodiscitis may be the presenting sign of an infective endocarditis. Cardiac valve replacement surgery should be performed if the course of fever and inflammatory syndrome is unfavorable after appropriate antibiotic treatment. We report the first case with both native aortic valve endocarditis and spondylodiscitis due to Streptococcus vestibularis.
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PMID:Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis. 2096 24

Knowledge of the anatomy and function of the nail apparatus is essential when performing the physical examination. Inspection may reveal localized nail abnormalities that should be treated, or may provide clues to an underlying systemic disease that requires further workup. Excessive keratinaceous material under the nail bed in a distal and lateral distribution should prompt an evaluation for onychomycosis. Onychomycosis may be diagnosed through potassium hydroxide examination of scrapings. If potassium hydroxide testing is negative for the condition, a nail culture or nail plate biopsy should be performed. A proliferating, erythematous, disruptive mass in the nail bed should be carefully evaluated for underlying squamous cell carcinoma. Longitudinal melanonychia (vertical nail bands) must be differentiated from subungual melanomas, which account for 50 percent of melanomas in persons with dark skin. Dystrophic longitudinal ridges and subungual hematomas are local conditions caused by trauma. Edema and erythema of the proximal and lateral nail folds are hallmark features of acute and chronic paronychia. Clubbing may suggest an underlying disease such as cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or celiac sprue. Koilonychia (spoon nail) is commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia. Splinter hemorrhages may herald endocarditis, although other causes should be considered. Beau lines can mark the onset of a severe underlying illness, whereas Muehrcke lines are associated with hypoalbuminemia. A pincer nail deformity is inherited or acquired and can be associated with beta-blocker use, psoriasis, onychomycosis, tumors of the nail apparatus, systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki disease, and malignancy.
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PMID:Evaluation of nail abnormalities. 2253 87

The cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use are numerous and can be severe, with mechanisms of cardiotoxicity unique to cocaine that include sympathomimetic effects, blockade of sodium and potassium channels, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, and disruption of excitation-contraction coupling. In combination, these effects increase myocardial oxygen demand while simultaneously decreasing oxygen supply. Cocaine-associated chest pain is particularly common and, in some instances, associated with a more severe cardiac syndrome, such as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, or endocarditis. Therapy for cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction is similar to treatment in non-cocaine users, except for differences in the use of benzodiazepines and phentolamine and avoidance of beta-blockers in the acute setting. In this review, we discuss the most up-to-date literature regarding the mechanisms of cocaine-associated cardiotoxicity and clinical consequences, diagnosis, and treatment; we also discuss relevant controversies while proposing several important areas for future research.
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PMID:Cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use. 2611 92

Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains continue to circulate worldwide causing diphtheria and invasive diseases, such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia and catheter-related infections. Presumptive C. diphtheriae infections diagnosis in a clinical microbiology laboratory requires a primary isolation consisting of a bacterial culture on blood agar and agar containing tellurite (TeO3(2-)). In this study, nine genome sequenced and four unsequenced strains of C. diphtheriae from different sources, including three samples from a recent outbreak in Brazil, were characterized with respect to their growth properties on tellurite-containing agar. Levels of tellurite-resistance (Te(R)) were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations of potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) and by a viability reduction test in solid culture medium with K2TeO3. Significant differences in Te(R) levels of C. diphtheriae strains were observed independent of origin, biovar or presence of the tox gene. Data indicated that the standard initial screening with TeO3(2-)-selective medium for diphtheria bacilli identification may lead to false-negative results in C. diphtheriae diagnosis laboratories.
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PMID:Tellurite resistance: a putative pitfall in Corynebacterium diphtheriae diagnosis? 2645 39


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