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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Teicoplanin was used to treat 94 hospital in-patients of confirmed or presumed Gram-positive infections over a period of 12 months. Eighty-five patients were subsequently found to be evaluable; 31 had soft tissue infections, 10 endocarditis, 8 urinary tract infections, 12 septicaemias, 2 chest infections, 7 osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, and 15 were immunosuppressed patients with infected Hickman line site infections. The cure rate of the 85 evaluable episodes was 90% (76 cured). Teicoplanin was well tolerated intravenously and intramuscularly. Adverse reactions occurred in five patients. One patient suffered high tone hearing loss, two patients suffered transient rash, one developed a drug fever and one patient who had concomitant gentamicin developed vestibular damage. It is concluded that teicoplanin is a relatively safe and effacacious treatment for Gram-positive infection.
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PMID:Teicoplanin in the treatment of infection caused by gram-positive organisms. 287 Oct 91

We tested the ability of teicoplanin alone and in combination with rifampicin or gentamicin to cure experimental endocarditis and granuloma pouch infections in rats caused by Streptococcus faecalis, Str. sanguis, methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin and ampicillin were also tested. Teicoplanin was more active than vancomycin and ampicillin. Combinations of teicoplanin with rifampicin or gentamicin were significantly more effective than single drug therapy. These results suggest that teicoplanin could be an interesting alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of serious streptococcal and staphylococcal infections in man.
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PMID:Activity of teicoplanin in localized experimental infections in rats. 287 Nov 3

This study compared teicoplanin with vancomycin without and with gentamicin and/or rifampin for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. In rabbits treated for three days and killed 12 hr after the last doses of antimicrobial agents, no significant difference in reducing bacterial titers of vegetations was detected between vancomycin and teicoplanin without and with gentamicin and/or rifampin. Addition of gentamicin and/or rifampin to vancomycin or teicoplanin significantly reduced bacterial titers of vegetations compared with vancomycin or teicoplanin alone. Addition of rifampin alone or gentamicin plus rifampin was significantly more effective than addition of gentamicin alone. In rabbits treated for three days and killed seven days after the last doses of antimicrobial agents, no significant difference in sterilizing vegetations was detected between vancomycin and teicoplanin with gentamicin and/or rifampin. However, there was a trend (probably due to the longer elimination half-life of teicoplanin in serum) that clearly favored teicoplanin over vancomycin. Teicoplanin plus rifampin without or with gentamicin is at least as effective as vancomycin plus rifampin without or with gentamicin for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis.
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PMID:Teicoplanin compared with vancomycin for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. 294 Mar 3

Teicoplanin was evaluated in 47 patients with severe infections, including 14 patients with bone infections, 11 patients with soft-tissue infections, 7 patients with endocarditis, 5 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with septic thrombophlebitis, 3 patients with septicemia of unknown origin, and 4 patients with miscellaneous infections. Overall, bacteremia was documented in 24 patients. The pathogens isolated were 35 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (including 8 methicillin-resistant strains), 4 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 strains of Streptococcus faecalis, 2 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 5 strains of other streptococci, and 1 Micrococcus luteus strain. A total of 22 patients (46.8%) were clinically cured, 8 patients (17.0%) improved, 2 patients (4.3%) had relapses after initial improvement, and 15 patients (31.9%) failed to respond. The results were better in nonbacteremic patients (19 of 23 patients [82.6%] were cured or improved) than in patients with bacteremia (12 of 24 patients [50%] were cured or improved). Bacteriological cure occurred in 25 patients (53.2%), and superinfections were documented in 6 patients (12.8%). No major adverse effects were observed. We conclude that teicoplanin is a potentially effective and well-tolerated antimicrobial agent for therapy of nonbacteremic infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of teicoplanin for therapy of severe infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. 294

Nineteen patients hospitalized for serious gram-positive infections were treated with teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic. A variety of infections were treated, including endocarditis, septic thrombophlebitis, osteomyelitis, pyogenic arthritis, and soft tissue infection. Of 13 infections that could be evaluated in 12 patients, there were 8 clinical cures, 2 improvements, 1 recurrence, and 2 failures. Of the eight patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, seven were clinically cured or improved with teicoplanin therapy. Of the nine patients in whom the bacteriological response to treatment could be fully evaluated, six were cured; there was recurrence of infection in one, and treatment failed in two patients. In vitro testing showed the 13 bacterial isolates (9 S. aureus, 3 S. epidermidis, and 1 group B streptococcus) to be uniformly susceptible to teicoplanin, with MICs ranging from 0.12 to 0.5 microgram/ml. Every isolate was more susceptible in vitro to teicoplanin than to vancomycin. Three of the staphylococcal isolates were resistant to methicillin. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that after an initial drug-accumulation period, a single daily dose adequately maintained the teicoplanin concentrations in serum within therapeutic ranges. Teicoplanin also penetrated well into synovial fluid. The drug was well tolerated by either intravenous or intramuscular administration. The most significant adverse reaction was an urticarial rash which required discontinuation of therapy in one patient; a second patient experienced a modest decrease in high-frequency auditory threshold. Asymptomatic eosinophilia and mild elevation of serum transaminases were noted as well. The results of this study suggest that teicoplanin is a safe and effective new agent for treatment of serious infections caused by gram-positive organisms.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of teicoplanin for serious gram-positive infections. 295 62

Sixty-six cases of Gram positive infections were treated with teicoplanin in an open multicenter study, comprising 7 centers in Eastern France. There were 38 male patients and 28 females. Teicoplanin was given at a dose of 400 mg daily for a mean duration of 18.4 days. The most common infections were due to Staphylococcus aureus, found in 43 out of 56 documented cases. 69 (89.9%) of the 78 Gram + strains isolated had an MIC for teicoplanin of less than or equal to 2 mg/l. There were 44 serious infections (30 septicemia, 10 endocarditis, 1 joint and bone infection, 2 mediastinitis, 1 toxic shock syndrome) and 22 less serious infections (4 urinary infections, 14 skin and soft tissue infections, 3 lower respiratory infections, 1 hepatic abscess). In 42 cases concurrent medication was given: beta-lactamase in 11 cases, rifampicin in 10 cases, aminoglycosides in 22, phosphomycin in 3, pefloxacin in 5. The clinical cure and improvement rate was 90.10%. Adverse events were reported in 11 patients, and in only 3 cases was the therapy stopped. All were reversible on stopping therapy. Teicoplanin was found to be well tolerated and effective in the treatment of Gram positive infections in this study.
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PMID:[Teicoplanin and Gram-positive coccus infections. Results of a multicenter study on 66 cases]. 295 64

Teicoplanin 400 mg, given as an intravenous bolus dose after induction of general anaesthesia, was highly effective in reducing the prevalence of streptococcal bacteraemia following dental extraction. Pulse rate and blood pressure monitoring did not show any adverse cardiovascular reactions after this dose which was extremely well tolerated. Blood samples were collected from adult patients for culture and antibiotic assay about two minutes after the dental procedure. Viridans streptococci were isolated from one of 40 patients receiving teicoplanin (2.5%) compared with 13 of 40 (32.5%) control patients. Another group of patients investigated received amoxycillin 1.0 g, intramuscularly shortly before anaesthesia, and viridans streptococci were isolated from 10 of 40 (25%) patients in this group. The mean serum teicoplanin and amoxycillin concentrations at the time of extraction were 37 and 10 mg/l respectively. Although amoxycillin was administered with lignocaine patients occasionally complained of pain following intramuscular injection. The results of this study suggest that the 400 mg intravenous bolus dose of teicoplanin is more suitable than 1.0 g intramuscular amoxycillin for the parenteral prophylaxis of streptococcal endocarditis in patients with cardiac lesions who require a dental procedure. Also as the teicoplanin dose is easy to administer and free of cardiovascular reactions or 'red man' syndrome it is probably more suitable than vancomycin for providing prophylaxis in patients allergic to penicillin.
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PMID:Comparison of intravenous teicoplanin with intramuscular amoxycillin for the prophylaxis of streptococcal bacteraemia in dental patients. 295 48

Teicoplanin and rifampicin were evaluated as single and combined agents in the treatment of endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis in the rabbit model. Rabbits were treated for ten days and the number of bacteria in vegetations determined. At the end of ten days the geometric mean number of bacteria in the vegetations were 5.53 X 10(8), 6.68 X 10(6). 1.10 X 10(4), 2.57 X 10(1) cfu/g of vegetation for control, teicoplanin, rifampicin, and teicoplanin plus rifampicin groups respectively. The MIC and MBC values of the S. epidermidis isolates were 0.78 mg/l for teicoplanin and less than or equal to 0.10 mg/l for rifampicin. In the rifampicin treated group three post-treatment isolates of S. epidermidis tested exhibited marked resistance to rifampicin with MIC and MBC values greater than or equal to 200 mg/l. Teicoplanin and rifampicin were both effective as single agents in the clearance of S. epidermidis from the bloodstream. Rifampicin was more effective than teicoplanin in the clearance of S. epidermidis from vegetations but teicoplanin in combination with rifampicin was more effective than either drug alone.
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PMID:Teicoplanin and rifampicin singly and in combination in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis in the rabbit model. 295 43

Teicoplanin, 200-400 mg (3-6 mg/kg) daily iv or im, was used to treat 71 episodes of infection. The average duration of treatment was 22 days. The 64 evaluable episodes comprised 24 skin/soft tissue, 20 osteoarticular, ten urinary tract and one ventriculo-atrial shunt infections; one case of primary bacteraemia, three of endocarditis, two of pneumonia and three of pleural empyema. Fifty-five episodes were treated with teicoplanin monotherapy and nine with teicoplanin in association to other antibiotics. Overall 61% (39/64) of the evaluable infections were cured, 25% (16/64) improved and 14% (9/64) failed. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen, with 46 isolates. Infections by both methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staph. aureus strains showed favourable clinical and microbiological responses to teicoplanin. Side effects were observed in eight of the 64 episodes (12.5%). Bronchospasm was observed in two other cases at the beginning of therapy and the antibiotic administration was discontinued. Teicoplanin is an effective and well tolerated antibiotic for infections by Gram-positive bacteria, and it is effective against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.
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PMID:Treatment of infections by staphylococci and other gram-positive bacteria with teicoplanin: an open study. 296 Jun 43

Teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic, has been used to treat twelve patients with bacterial endocarditis due to Gram-positive organisms. Teicoplanin has activity against Gram-positive bacteria similar to vancomycin but therapeutic levels are maintained by a single daily dose, given as an intravenous bolus. Of six patients with native valve infections, two cases, due to viridans streptococci, were successfully treated with teicoplanin alone and two others, caused by Streptococcus faecalis, were cured by combinations including teicoplanin. One of these patients sustained high tone hearing loss during treatment. The remaining two patients were drug addicts with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus which recurred despite repeated multiple therapy. Of six prosthetic valve infections, antibiotic combinations including teicoplanin cured three cases, caused by streptococci. Infection persisted or treatment was curtailed in three cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis. In this small open study, teicoplanin appeared as effective as vancomycin in the treatment of endocarditis but had the considerable advantage of ease of administration.
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PMID:The use of a new glycopeptide antibiotic, teicoplanin, in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. 296 71


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