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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-five cultures of group JK bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and biochemically. The microorganisms were isolated primarily from blood cultures. The bacterial cultures produced positive reactions when tested for catalase, Tween hydrolysis, and carbohydrate fermentation. Glucose and galactose were fermented by more than 90% of the organisms. Gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives of whole-cell hydrolysates of some of the group JK cultures yielded nearly identical elution profiles. The group JK microorganisms were susceptible to vancomycin but were resistant to most of the other 17 antimicrobial agents tested. A method is presented for differentiating the group JK microorganisms from other similar bacteria encountered in clinical specimens. Although these bacteria rarely occur in clinical specimens, they are capable of producing fatal infections (endocarditis and sepsis) in humans.
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PMID:Characterization and identification of 95 diphtheroid (group JK) cultures isolated from clinical specimens. 11 Aug 26

Cultures from the gallbladder and blood of a 60-year-old man with acute cholecystitis grew Haemophilus aphrophilus. This organism, an unusual isolate in clinical specimens, is most frequently seen in patients with either endocarditis or brain abscesses. Haemophilus aphrophilus may be distinguished from Eikenella corrodens and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on the basis of colonial morphology and the biochemical tests for oxidase and catalase production and fermentation of lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, xylose, and trehalose.
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PMID:Haemophilus aphrophilus cholecystitis. 63 50

A Gram-negative bacillus that defies identification was isolated from blood cultures of 17 patients with fever. Fifteen patients were male adults, and 14 patients had underlying diseases, including previous splenectomy in five, which impair host defenses against infection. Illnesses occurred in the summer and autumn in 14 cases and had been recently preceded by dog bites in 10 cases. Clincal syndromes included cellulitis in seven cases, primary bacteremia without localization in four, purulent meningitis in four, and endocarditis in three. Three patients died. The organism grows slowly on blood or chocolate agar in 10% CO, is oxidase- and catalase-positive, and is negative for nitrate reduction, indole production, and urease. It produces acid from glucose, lactose, and maltose. These features distinguish it from all previously described and classified bacteria. Furthermore, the epidemiologic features of the patients suggest that this organism is an opportunistic invader and may have an animal reservoir in nature.
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PMID:Unidentified gram-negative rod infection. A new disease of man. 83 7

Members of the viridans group of streptococci are the commonest causes of bacterial endocarditis. However, Streptococcus mutans, a member of this group associated with dental caries which might be expected to be commonly associated with endocarditis, has only rarely been reported. This is possibly because of difficulties in isolation and identification. Differing blood culture media may affect the chances of isolation of these organisms, and, though brain-heart infusion, thiol, tryptic soy, and glucose-brain infusion broths have all proved satisfactory, subcultures may require increased CO2 concentrations for growth. Plemorphism in the resultant colonies and in the individual organisms may give rise to a hazardous misinterpretation of this appearance as contamination. Strep. mutans and the similarly penicillin sensitive Strep. bovis may be differentiated from the penicillin resistant enterococci by their lincomycin sensitivity and intolerance of 6-3 per cent sodium chloride. Precise differentiation of streptococci in bacterial endocarditis is of value both epidemiologically and in the management of the disease.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus mutans. 86 80

Methods are described (a) for the estimation of glycogen phosphorylase activity (EC 2.4.1.1) in human blood serum based on the chemical determination of liberated orthophosphate or on the enzymic determination of glucose 1-phosphate in a coupled assay system and (b) for the electrophoretic separation of isophosphorylases I, II, and III in human. Glycogen phosphorylase activities ranging from 1.5 to 18 mU/ml were found in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In contrast, no glycogen phosphorylase activity was detected in the serum of healthy persons. The enzyme appears in the serum 4 hours after the onset of the infarction and reaches a maximum after 20 to 30 hours. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum after a myocardial infarction revealed only muscle isophosphorylase I, the isoenzyme characteristic of the heart. No phosphorylase activity was detected in serum of patients with angina pectoris, endocarditis, and uncomplicative congestive heart failure. From these findings it appears that the new serum enzyme test may prove to be a valuable addition to presently existing methods for the early differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:The assay of glycogen phosphorylase in human blood serum and its application to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. 112 38

Early reports associated Candida parapsilosis with endocarditis in intravenous narcotic addicts. More recently, this species has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, with clinical manifestations including fungemia, endocarditis, endophthalmitis, septic arthritis, and peritonitis, all of which usually occur in association with invasive procedures or prosthetic devices. Outbreaks of C. parapsilosis infections have been caused by contamination of hyperalimentation solutions, intravascular pressure monitoring devices, and ophthalmic irrigating solution. Experimental studies have generally shown that C. parapsilosis is less virulent than Candida albicans or Candida tropicalis. However, characteristics of C. parapsilosis that may relate to its increasing occurrence in nosocomial settings include frequent colonization of the skin, particularly the subungual space, and an ability to proliferate in glucose-containing solutions, with a resultant increase in adherence to synthetic materials. Recently developed molecular techniques may facilitate the continued exploration of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of C. parapsilosis infections.
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PMID:Candida parapsilosis: epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, and antimicrobial susceptibility. 801 46

alpha-Hemolytic streptococci, variously described as cell-wall deficient (C), L form (L), thiol dependent (O), satelliting (S), pyridoxal dependent (PY), and nutritionally deficient (N), or CLOSPYN, were isolated from patients with endocarditis, brain abscess, subauricular abscess, septicemia, acute and chronic urethritis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and fever of undetermined origin. With the aid of satelliting, most of the strains were adapted to grow on a human Mycoplasma growth agar consisting of brain-heart infusion agar fortified with 20% human blood, yeast extract, and arginine. Selected CLOSPYN strains required extensive subculture for only partial reversion to parentallike characteristics. Four of six strains biochemically tested were judged Streptococcus morbillorum. Two were unidentifiable. The CLOSPYN form was relatively inert biochemically, but glucose was converted mainly to lactic acid, with acetic acid also present. Guanine-cytosine values were 39%-43%. Cell wall material was present by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), but its synthesis was uneven on single cells and abnormally thickened on other cells. Closely spaced, incompleted septa occurred in cell chains, which resulted in unusually long chains of flattened cells resembling on TEM a stack of checkers. Mesosomes were frequent, greatly enlarged, convoluted, and elongated. They were often sectioned as circular and laminated, with 2-5 layers. Mesosomes were in close contact with nucleoid bodies, which, in turn, were closely apposed or integral with the cytoplasmic membranes in areas of cross-wall development. Chaotic morphology typifies the group. The inclusion of urinary tract infections is new in the gamut of diseases caused by CLOSPYN streptococci.
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PMID:Light-microscopic morphology, ultrastructure, culture, and relationship to disease of the nutritional and cell-wall-deficient alpha-hemolytic streptococci. 158 62

CDC group M-6 is the vernacular name given to a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacterium. This organism is biochemically similar to Kingella denitrificans and displays a cellular fatty acid profile consistent with CDC groups M-5 and EF-4 and with Neisseria elongata. Of the 95 M-6 strains referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for identification, 32 (64%) of the first 50 were from the throat or sputum and only 3 (6%) were from blood; only 5 (11%) of the next 45 isolates were from the upper respiratory tract and 23 (51%) were from blood, with many of these (15 or 65%) being associated with endocarditis. The major characteristics of CDC group M-6 include reduction of nitrate and nitrite with no gas formation; positive reaction for oxidase; negative reactions for catalase, urease, indole, and motility; and no acid production from carbohydrates. Guanine-plus-cytosine content determined spectrophotometrically by thermal denaturation was 55 to 58 mol % for six M-6 strains tested: 56 mol % for the N. elongata subsp. elongata type strain and for the N. elongata subsp. glycolytica type strain. By the hydroxyapatite method, DNAs from 24 M-6 strains showed an average of 78% relatedness to M-6 reference strain B1019 in reactions at 60 degrees C and 73% relatedness in reactions at 75 degrees C. M-6 strain B1019 was 79% related to the N. elongata type strain at 60 degrees C and 71% related at 75 degrees C; it was 75% related to the type strain N. elongata subsp. glycolytica at 60 degrees C and was 66% related at 75 degrees C. DNAs from CDC group EF-4, K. denitrificans, and CDC group M-5 were all less than 14% related to CDC group M-6 at 75 degrees C. The DNA relatedness data showed conclusively that all the M-6 strains belong in the species N. elongata. M-6 is different from N. elongata subsp. elongata in that M-6 reduces nitrate and sometimes weakly acidifies D-glucose, and it is different from N. elongata subsp. glycolytica in that it reduces nitrate and is negative for glucose and catalase. Because of the apparent clinical significance of M-6 compared with the clinical significance of N. elongata subsp. elongata and N. elongata subsp. glycolytica and the ease in distinguishing it biochemically, we propose M-6 as a third subspecies of N.elongata, N. elongata subsp. nitroreducens subsp. nov.
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PMID:Neisseria elongata subsp. nitroreducens subsp. nov., formerly CDC group M-6, a gram-negative bacterium associated with endocarditis. 227 87

A quantitative method to determine glycocalyx production by strains of viridans group streptococci from patients with endocarditis is presented. There is good correlation between this new tryptophan quantitative assay and qualitative assays employing polysaccharide stains (ruthenium red, periodic acid-Schiff, and Cellufluor) or the Molisch test. The quantification of the glycocalyx production in glucose substrate in vitro by viridans group streptococci correlates with the size of cardiac vegetation and ease of antimicrobial sterilization in experimental endocarditis. The relationship of in vitro quantification of glycocalyx to maintenance of infection, morbidity of infection, and antimicrobial treatment is discussed.
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PMID:Quantitative assay of glycocalyx produced by viridans group streptococci that cause endocarditis. 247 65

Four pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (sensu strictu)-EC, RP62A, LW, and HBSN--exhibited a mixed population of colony phenotypes when plated onto a high-salt, low-glucose agar ("Memphis agar"). When compared with challenge inocula, significant shifts in colony populations to the small-colony variant forms occurred for all four strains for isolates recovered from infected vegetations of rats with catheter-induced endocarditis. Various colony phenotypes of the HBSN strain were compared in virulence studies by using the rat model of endocarditis. The infectivity rate of the small-colony variant forms was significantly less than that of either the normal parent form (P less than .05) or the mixed phenotypic inoculum (P less than .05). These data indicate that the small-colony variant forms may be selected for, once endocardial infections are established, and that the small-colony variant forms alone are much less able to initiate and/or sustain intracardiac infections in experimental endocarditis.
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PMID:Phenotypic selection of small-colony variant forms of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the rat model of endocarditis. 327 39


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