Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The third-generation cephalosporins are highly active against nonenterococcal streptococci. The subgroup of ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime are similar to penicillin in their activities by weight; and the drug with the longest half-life, ceftriaxone, offers the potential for home therapy for selected patients with endocarditis.
Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1991
PMID:Use of third-generation cephalosporins. Streptococci. 191 16

Many endocarditis patients infected with penicillin-sensitive streptococci are excellent candidates for outpatient parenteral therapy, as are those who need long-term suppressive therapy. Patients with staphylococcal endocarditis more often require inpatient care, but some may complete therapy at home. Vigilant monitoring for complications that may occur at home is essential for all patients.
Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1993 Jul
PMID:Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. Management of serious infections. Part II: Amenable infections and models for delivery. Endocarditis. 832 30

Enterococci are frequently encountered in urinary, biliary, and gastrointestinal tract infections and are increasingly being recognized in nosocomial bacteriuria and bacteremia. Undoubtedly, however, the most serious of all enterococcal infections is endocarditis. At present, enterococci are the third most common cause of infective endocarditis (after streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus), and the incidence of the disease is likely to grow as the population ages and increasing numbers of persons are placed at risk by degenerative valve disease and by predisposition to enterococcal infections through portals such as the genitourinary tract. The case presented here exemplifies many features of enterococcal endocarditis. It also illustrates the therapeutic issues and dilemmas faced in managing this disorder. Although a transesophageal approach (Figure 1) has increased the sensitivity of echocardiography for detecting valvular abnormalities in infective endocarditis, diagnosis continues to rely on blood cultures--which raises the question of how long antimicrobial therapy should be delayed for collection of blood samples. Since enterococcal isolates are often resistant to antibiotics, therapy is based on synergistic drug combinations.
Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1993 Aug 15
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. 834 Apr 32

Unlike what has been approved overseas, only a low dose is approved in Japan for the use of Gentamicin Sulfate Injection (hereinafter referred to as GM Injection). A change in dose and administration was requested to the Evaluation Committee on Unapproved or Off-labeled Drugs with High Medical Needs. As a consequence, high-dose GM Injection began to be developed in Japan. In order to assess the current use of GM Injection, a questionnaire survey was conducted among infectious disease specialists certified by the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and physicians certified as specialists/instructors of antibiotic chemical treatment by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. Valid responses were obtained from as many as 38.0% of questionnaire recipients (719/1891 physicians). About 30% of the respondents used GM Injection in the year 2011. Major indications for adult patients included sepsis and infective endocarditis, and bacterial strains mainly included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus species. Some diseases and bacterial strains domestically unapproved as indications were also treated with GM Injection. GM Injection is administered mainly as an intravenous infusion, usually once daily, which is not approved in Japan. Some physicians administered a fixed dose of GM (120 mg/day or less), not more than the upper limit approved in Japan. The majority of physicians, however, adopted a dosage of 3-5 mg/kgy/day, the standard dosage approved overseas. Physicians who implemented TDM outnumbered those who did not. The target blood level when administering 2-3 times a day was mostly 2 microg/mL or less as the trough level, and 4-10 microg/mL as the peak level. In particular, GM Injection was concurrently administered with other injectable antimicrobial agents to treat sepsis or infective endocarditis mainly in the following combinations: with penicillins or carbapenems for sepsis: with penicillins for infective endocarditis. Renal impairment was the most common adverse reaction requiring special care to be reported by the respondents. The survey revealed the current status of use, which is that GM Injection is used at the dose and administration approved in Japan, and that high-dose GM Injection, equivalent to the dosage approved overseas, is also used by quite a few physicians. The current use supports the request submitted to the Evaluation Committee on Unapproved or Off-labeled Drugs with High Medical Needs. Therefore, the same dosage that is approved overseas is recommended to be approved as soon as possible in Japan.
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PMID:[Results of a questionnaire survey on the use of gentamicin sulfate injection]. 2381 49