Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A persistent suppression of bacterial growth following a brief exposure to an antibiotic (postantibiotic effect [( PAE]) has been described for a variety of antibiotics and microorganisms. If a PAE is present in vivo, antibiotic levels in tissue at the site of infection may decrease below the MIC without bacterial regrowth in the latter portion of the dosing interval. In the present studies, a PAE was sought in vitro and in vivo for penicillin G plus gentamicin versus Enterococcus faecalis. The studies demonstrated that increasing concentrations of gentamicin caused an increased rate of bactericidal action and an increasingly prolonged PAE in vitro. The combination of penicillin and gentamicin, in addition to more rapid killing, exhibited a more prolonged PAE than did penicillin alone. However, unlike these in vitro findings, no PAE could be demonstrated in vivo in rats with experimental left-sided enterococcal endocarditis treated with penicillin plus gentamicin. This suggests that antibiotic vegetation levels should be maintained above the MIC throughout the dosing interval to prevent loss of efficacy as a result of bacterial regrowth.
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PMID:Postantibiotic effect of penicillin plus gentamicin versus Enterococcus faecalis in vitro and in vivo. 250 64

Seven strains of viridans streptococci isolated from patients with endocarditis were inhibited in vitro by 0.06-2 mg/l and 0.016-0.5 mg/l of the penems FCE 22101 and FCE 24362 respectively. The MBCs were the same or two-fold higher than the respective MIC with three exceptions. One strain of Streptococcus faecalis was only inhibited (8 mg/ml respectively 0.5 mg/l; MBC greater than 32 mg/l) and one strain of Str. faecium was resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 16 mg/l). When combined with gentamicin or netilmicin a bactericidal and synergistic killing was observed within 1-8 h in all strains except Str. faecium. Synergy could also be confirmed in all cases by following bacterial growth kinetics after elimination of antibiotics, by calculating the difference between the times required for bacteria exposed to antibiotic and unexposed bacteria to increase in numbers (PAE).
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PMID:In-vitro activity of the new penems FCE 22101 and FCE 24362 alone or in combination with aminoglycosides against streptococci isolated from patients with endocarditis. 273 33