Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The demographics and natural clinical history of canine congenital subaortic stenosis (SAS) were evaluated by retrospective analysis of 195 confirmed cases (1967 to 1991), 96 of which were untreated and available for follow-up evaluation. Of these, 58 dogs had left ventricular outflow systolic pressure gradients available for assessment of severity. All 195 dogs were used for demographic analysis. Breeds found to be at increased relative risk included the Newfoundland (odds ratio, 88.1; P < .001), Rottweiler (odds ratio, 19.3; P < .001), Boxer (odds ratio, 8.6; P < .001), and Golden Retriever (odds ratio, 5.5; P < .001). Dogs with mild gradients (16 to 35 mm Hg) and those that developed infective endocarditis or left heart failure were diagnosed at older ages than those with moderate (36 to 80 mm Hg) and severe (> 80 mm Hg) gradients. Of 96 untreated dogs, 32 (33.3%) had signs of illness varying from fatigue to syncope; 11 dogs (11.3%) developed infective endocarditis or left heart failure. Exercise intolerance or fatigue was reported in 22 dogs, syncope in 11 dogs, and respiratory signs (cough, dyspnea, tachypnea) in 9 dogs. In addition, 21 dogs (21.9%) died suddenly. Sudden death occurred mainly in the first 3 years of life, primarily but not exclusively, in dogs with severe obstructions (gradient, > 80 mm Hg; odds ratio, 16.0; P < .001). Infective endocarditis (6.3%) and left heart failure (7.3%) tended to occur later in life and in dogs with mild to moderate obstructions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The natural clinical history of canine congenital subaortic stenosis. 788 29

Forty-three horses with mitral regurgitation (MR) and congestive heart failure were examined, using M-mode, 2-dimensional real-time and Doppler echocardiography. There was no breed or sex predisposition when compared to the general hospital population. The mean +/- s.d. age of affected horses was 7.6 +/- 8.1 years. Horses with MR and congestive heart failure had significant increases in mean values for left ventricular chamber size, left atrial size and heart rate and significant decreases in interventricular septal and left ventricular free wall thickness. Significant increases in pulmonary artery diameter were detected compared to aortic diameter. Mean values for fractional shortening were not significantly different from normal. All horses had a Grade 3-6/6 holosystolic or pansystolic murmur with its point of maximal intensity in the mitral to aortic valve area. Atrial fibrillation was found at presentation in 24 horses with MR and congestive heart failure. One horse presented with atrial tachycardia and subsequently developed atrial fibrillation. Seven horses had ventricular premature contractions. Exercise intolerance (n = 34), respiratory signs (n = 31), and fever (n = 21) were the most common presenting signs. Thickening of the left atrioventricular valve leaflets, endocarditis, flail valve leaflets, rupture of a chorda tendineae, and mitral valve prolapse were detected echocardiographically. Doppler echocardiography confirmed the presence of a large systolic regurgitant jet in the left atrium in all horses in which it was used, and in many horses, concurrent tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation was detected. All horses died or were subjected to euthanasia due to the severity of their MR and/or lack of response to therapy. Post mortem examinations were performed in 35 horses and confirmed the echocardiographic findings. The echocardiographic detection of a flail mitral valve leaflet was significantly associated with the detection of a ruptured chorda tendineae at post mortem examination. There was a significant association between echocardiographic detection of a dilated pulmonary artery and its presence at post mortem examination. M-mode, 2-dimensional real-time, and Doppler echocardiography should be used to accurately characterise the valvular abnormalities and assess the severity of mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery dilatation, an echocardiographic indication of severe pulmonary hypertension, should be considered a grave prognostic indicator and may indicate impending pulmonary artery rupture.
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PMID:Severe mitral regurgitation in horses: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological findings. 945 95