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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and bacteriological information on Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis from hospitals all over Denmark in the period 1976-1981 was reviewed in 119 cases, 61 females and 58 males. Patient ages ranged from 16 days to 85 years, with a median age of 63 years. The overall mortality was 71%. The mortality correlated significantly with such factors as age, hospital-acquired infections and resistance to penicillin in infecting strains. Hospital-acquired infections occurred in 38% of the patients. The distribution of phage types among strains isolated from blood cultures from patients with endocarditis corresponded to that of strains from other septicaemia cases. Group I and group III strains and strains of the 94, 96 complex comprised 74% of the phage types of the present material. Infections of the skin were the most common portal of entry for the infecting strains. Apart from drug addicts, of which 11 cases were included, mortality did not correlate with the presence of any underlying diseases.
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PMID:Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in Denmark 1976-1981. 658 59

The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined for serological diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and septicaemia by means of crossed immuno-electrophoresis with intermediate gel. The antibody responses to S. aureus antigens in sera from 19 patients with S. aureus endocarditis and 51 patients with S. aureus septicaemia were compared with findings in 30 patients with non-S. aureus endocarditis and 30 patients with non-S. aureus septicaemia. Two of 55 S. aureus antigens, no. 18 (cross-react serologically with cell wall teichoic acid) and no. 46 of the reference pattern, were useful for serological diagnosis. The precipitin score, taking into account both the total number of precipitins and their titres, was the most useful diagnostic criterion. The present method can be used in selected cases to discriminate between S. aureus and non-S. aureus endocarditis. In cases with septicaemia only a positive test is of clinical value.
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PMID:Serological diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and endocarditis by means of crossed immuno-electrophoresis. 658 66

Twice-daily intramuscular ceforanide therapy of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in parenteral drug abusers was compared in a randomized prospective trial with intravenous cephapirin therapy. Dosage regimens were ceforanide, 1 g every 12 h, and cephapirin, 2 g every 4 h. Mean minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of ceforanide for S. aureus treated with ceforanide were 0.78 and 1.56 microgram/ml compared to cephapirin for patient isolates of 0.08 and 0.14 microgram/ml, respectively. Serum killing levels with ceforanide were 1:5.7 and 1:1.5 at peak and trough levels, compared to 1:134 (peak) and 1:4.2 (trough) with cephapirin. Despite this apparent in vitro advantage of cephapirin, patients treated with ceforanide did as well as those with cephapirin. Of 16 ceforanide-treated patients, all responded initially to therapy, and 15 were cured with 28 days of therapy. One patient relapsed at the end of therapy. Of 16 cephapirin-treated patients, 1 was a clinical and microbiological failure, and 3 other relapsed at the end of therapy. In addition, one ceforanide-treated patient and two cephapirin-treated patients developed central nervous system abscesses. These were cured with drainage and continuation of antibiotic therapy. Ceforanide was well tolerated by the intramuscular route. Cost analysis suggests that therapy with intramuscular ceforanide would result in an approximate 70% decrease in drug therapy cost when compared to intravenous cephapirin. Ceforanide appears to be a safe, efficacious, convenient, and relatively inexpensive drug for treating staphylococcal endocarditis in parenteral drug abusers.
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PMID:Twice-daily intramuscular ceforanide therapy of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in parenteral drug abusers. 670 81

Sera from individuals with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and osteomyelitis and from some individuals with other forms of gram-positive endocarditis yielded higher readings in a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against lipoteichoic acid from S. aureus than did sera from individuals with other types of serious staphylococcal infection or non-staphylococcal osteomyelitis, or from unselected inpatients.
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PMID:Detection of antibody to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid with a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 671 23

Single (nafcillin for 6 weeks) and combined (nafcillin for 6 weeks plus gentamicin for 2 weeks) drug regimens were compared in two separate multicenter prospective randomized trials. Forty-eight parenteral drug addicts and 30 nonaddicts with clinically and bacteriologically documented Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis were studied. In the addicts, combined therapy effected a more rapid mean clinical response (defervescence and normalization of leukocyte count) and a reduced duration of bacteremia in patients with right-sided endocarditis. In the nonaddicts, combined therapy effected more rapid clearance of bacteremia, but was associated with a higher incidence of azotemia. The addition of gentamicin did not alter morbidity or mortality in either group.
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PMID:Combination antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in patients addicted to parenteral drugs and in nonaddicts: A prospective study. 675 Nov 82

The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-99m-labeled antibacterial antibody (Tc-99m Ab) for detecting bacterial endocarditis were evaluated in an experimental model. Rabbit-produced antistaphylococcal antibody was extracted using Rivanol and chemically labeled with Tc-99m. This Tc-99m Ab was injected intravenously in New Zealand rabbits 24 hr after producing Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis of the aortic valve. Imaging and tissue analyses were performed on the following day. All 11 animals developed S. aureus aortic-valve vegetations and showed increased uptake of Tc-99m Ab at the aortic valve, 118 times higher than at the uninfected tricuspid valve. Although high hepatic radioactivity and anatomic uncertainties interfered with in vivo delineation of these lesions, images of the excised hearts showed all affected valves. Two rabbits inoculated with Escherichia coli did not develop endocarditis and had little uptake of Tc-99m Ab, while six rabbits with enterococcal endocarditis had no uptake of the Tc-99m Ab in their vegetations. The findings suggest potential value of Tc-99m Ab on the rapid diagnosis of endocarditis.
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PMID:Imaging endocarditis with Tc-99m-labeled antibody--an experimental study: concise communication. 706 36

Previously, we have shown that a 5-mg/kg of body weight daily dose of aspirin (ASA) caused reductions in the bacterial densities and weights of aortic vegetations in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. We sought to determine (i) whether ASA dosage influences the development of vegetations and (ii) whether ASA given with antimicrobial therapy improves the treatment outcome of infective endocarditis. To study the influence of ASA dosage, animals received either no ASA (control) or oral doses of 2.5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg daily. The 2.5- and 10-mg/kg groups had statistically significant reductions in vegetation weight compared with untreated controls. The 10-mg/kg dose also resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial densities compared with those of the controls. Although reductions in weight and bacterial density were observed in other ASA-treated groups, these did not achieve statistical significance. To study the influence of ASA and antimicrobial therapy, the animals received either vancomycin alone or vancomycin with ASA. When ASA was given prior to and during antimicrobial therapy, a significant reduction in vegetation weight was observed. Additionally, the rate of sterilization was directly proportional to this observed reduction in weight. ASA's impact on the reduction of both the bacterial density and the weight of aortic vegetations is a dose-dependent phenomenon. When given with antimicrobial therapy, ASA not only reduces vegetation weight but also improves the rate of sterilization. This study provides additional data regarding the role of ASA in the treatment of endocarditis.
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PMID:Influence of aspirin on development and treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. 748 13

Ampicillin or amoxicillin at 625-800 mg/kg/day, in combination with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, each is as effective as vancomycin in animal models of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Studies were done to determine whether the addition of rifampin would permit lowering the dose of ampicillin into the range recommended for use in humans without loss of efficacy. The efficacy of ampicillin/sulbactam (300/150 or 150/75 mg/kg/day intramuscularly, in three divided doses) in combination with rifampin (5 mg/kg intramuscularly, three times daily) was compared with that of vancomycin (25 mg/kg intravenously, twice daily, or 30 mg/kg intramuscularly, three times daily) in the rabbit model of methicillin-resistant S. aureus aortic valve endocarditis. Neither ampicillin/sulbactam nor rifampin alone was effective. The ampicillin/sulbactam/rifampin regimen was as effective as vancomycin. This regimen may be an alternative to vancomycin in treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections.
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PMID:Ampicillin, sulbactam, and rifampin combination treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits. 770 17

Pasteurella ureae is found in the normal human respiratory flora. We encountered a case of endocarditis caused by Pasteurella ureae. The patient was a 59-year-old man with a history of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. After treatment with antibiotics, blood cultures became negative, and the patient recovered completely. The incidence of endocarditis due to this organism is very rare; this case is the second clinically diagnosed case report.
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PMID:Pasteurella ureae endocarditis. 801 90

In patients with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus, the issue of medical or surgical treatment still remains controversial. Likewise, there is no agreement in the management of those patients who have suffered cerebral embolism and show large vegetations in echocardiography. Moreover, transthoracic echocardiography not always disclose endocarditis vegetations as accurately as transesophageal echocardiography. We describe a patient with cerebral embolism due to Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in which adequate medical diagnosis and management was achieved by means of transesophageal echocardiography.
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PMID:[Cerebral embolism as the first manifestation of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: the role of transesophageal echocardiography in the therapeutic decision]. 834 34


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