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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endocarditis secondary to Hemophilus parainfluenzae is an uncommon entity that appears to be increasing in frequency, perhaps due to improved laboratory isolation techniques. Although controversial, most of the published literature recommends a penicillin, with or without concomitant gentamicin, as definitive therapy. We report the first successful use of the third-generation cephalosporin ceftizoxime in an ampicillin-allergic patient. A 55-year-old white female was hospitalized after 5 days of experiencing fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. A cardiac echocardiogram revealed a large mitral valve vegetation, and the patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin. Two weeks after emergency mitral valve replacement the patient developed spiking fevers and a macular, erythematous rash while receiving ampicillin. Ceftizoxime was initiated and continued to complete a 4-week period of intravenous antibiotics. Follow-up at 14 months showed no further evidence of infection. Ceftizoxime appears efficacious in eradicating H. parainfluenzae in patients allergic to penicillin.
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PMID:Acute bacterial endocarditis due to Hemophilus parainfluenzae. Response to ceftizoxime in an ampicillin-allergic patient. 348 Oct 71

From 1976 to 1985, 27 adult invasive Haemophilus infections were observed at the University Medical Center in Lausanne. Only 5 cases (19%) were caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, while 12 cases (44%) were due to Haemophilus species other than H. influenzae. Two out of 24 strains tested were ampicillin-resistant. The infections were meningitis in 8, pneumonia in 7, endocarditis in 5, sepsis of unknown origin in 4, epiglottitis in 2, and one gynecological infection. Except for the latter three patients, each case was associated with one or more underlying conditions. Seven patients died (26%), in three of whom death was directly related to the infectious process. This report and a review of the literature show that adult invasive Haemophilus infections are not uncommon and may be serious. Associated underlying diseases and advanced age are generally present. In contrast to infections occurring in children, invasive Haemophilus infections in adults are not restricted to encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b strains.
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PMID:[Invasive Haemophilus infections in adults]. 349 62

In a five-year period, 29 cases of bacteremia and/or meningitis in adults caused by Haemophilus influenzae were seen in our large community hospital. There were 17 cases of bacteremic pneumonia and 12 cases of serious extrapulmonary infections. The extrapulmonary infections included cases of endocarditis, meningitis, cholecystitis, epiglottitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and cellulitis. In contrast with the pediatric experience, H influenzae type B was the causative pathogen in only 45% of patients and only one isolate was ampicillin resistant.
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PMID:Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. 349 80

Cefonicid is a 'second generation' cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is similar to cefamandole in its superiority to first generation cephalosporins against several enterobacteriaceae as well as its activity against Haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. Its activity against Staphylococcus aureus is similar to that of cefoxitin and inferior to cefamandole and first generation cephalosporins. It has excellent in vitro activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but is inactive against Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Bacteroides fragilis. Due to high achievable plasma concentrations and a relatively long half-life, in most clinical trials cefonicid has been administered once daily. It was comparable in efficacy with cefamandole or cefazolin in the treatment of patients with urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and soft tissue and bone infections. It has also been compared with penicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea. Results from a small series of patients with endocarditis appear to indicate that cefonicid should not be used in patients with serious staphylococcal infections. Single doses of cefonicid given preoperatively appear to offer a similar degree of protection against post-surgical infection as multiple doses of other antibiotics, but further data from studies involving larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm these impressions. Patients who require prolonged antibiotic therapy, such as those with osteomyelitis being treated as outpatients after a relatively short inpatient course, could benefit from the once daily dose regimen of cefonicid.
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PMID:Cefonicid. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. 353 Jul 3

A chronic Haemophilus aphrophilus pulmonary infection associated with the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses in a previously healthy 38-year-old man is described. Other reports have related the isolation of H. aphrophilus to underlying malignant disease or, when the cause of endocarditis, to pre-existing valvular disease. The underlying condition, if any, in this case remains unclear.
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PMID:Haemophilus aphrophilus as a cause of chronic suppurative pulmonary infection and intra-abdominal abscesses. 366 71

We have described a previously healthy medical student who had endocarditis due to Haemophilus paraphrophilus necessitating replacement of the mitral valve. We compared this case to the 11 previously reported cases of endocarditis caused by this organism, stressing the fastidious nature of the organism, its destructive nature, and its propensity for thromboembolism.
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PMID:Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis. 370 6

Endocarditis due to Haemophilus is uncommon. This is the first reported case caused by Haemophilus aegyptius. The course of the disease was complicated by pericarditis, congestive heart failure, and myocardial abscess formation. Surgical removal of the damaged aortic valve was not beneficial. The biologic properties of the organism included urea degradation, absence of indole metabolism, and absence of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
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PMID:Endocarditis caused by Haemophilus aegyptius. 372 58

Imipenem, a potent new beta-lactam antibiotic, which is bactericidal against most pathogenic bacteria, and cilastatin, a dehydropeptidase inhibitor combined with imipenem to prevent the metabolism of imipenem in the kidney, were evaluated in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Seventeen patients, including 14 who used intravenous drugs, were treated with imipenem/cilastatin in a dose of 500 mg each infused over 30 minutes every six hours. The mean duration of treatment was 29 days with a range of 21 to 56 days. Causative bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus in 10 patients, S. aureus plus group B Streptococcus in one, viridans group Streptococcus in two, Neisseria subflava, Eikenella corrodens, and group G Streptococcus in one patient, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Hemophilus aphrophilus, and Enterobacter aerogenes in one patient each. The minimal bactericidal concentration of imipenem against 16 of 18 isolates tested was 0.04 micrograms/ml, 1 microgram/ml against H. aphrophilus, and 0.4 micrograms/ml against E. aerogenes. The site of infection was the right side of the heart in 11 patients, the left side in five, and both sides in one. The mean number of days to defervescence was 9.7. All patients were cured, and none required cardiac surgery. Adverse effects were few and interrupted treatment occurred in only one patient who had acute dyspnea during an infusion on Day 26 of therapy. Imipenem/cilastatin appears to be a relatively safe and highly effective treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis in intravenous drug users; too few patients with endocarditis caused by other bacteria were treated to allow a firm statement about efficacy in non-staphylococcal endocarditis.
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PMID:Efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin in endocarditis. 385 10

In a retrospective study covering a 13-year period and a population of 817,900 inhabitants, 13 cases of invasive infection caused by Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus influenzae were found. Ten of the infectious episodes were caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae and three by Haemophilus aphrophilus. The clinical manifestations comprised endocarditis, meningitis, pleuropneumonia, epiglottitis and septicaemia from an unknown focus. These 13 infectious episodes caused by uncommon Haemophilus species constituted less than 3% of the total number (473) of invasive Haemophilus infections registered during the same period of time. Invasive H. influenzae infections were more common in all age groups than infections caused by other Haemophilus species. In contrast to H. influenzae infections, which predominate in childhood, invasive infections due to uncommon Haemophilus species had no predilection for any age group.
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PMID:Invasive infections caused by Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus influenzae. 387 45

Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis on a prosthetic valve has previously been reported only once. Routine physical and laboratory evaluation does not distinguish endocarditis from this organism from other causes of endocarditis. Our patient with prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis was successfully treated with antibiotics, but surgery was subsequently required for congestive heart failure from valve dehiscence.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis. 387 10


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