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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thrombus formation in the left atrium and left ventricle is primarily due to stasis of blood which causes activation of the coagulation system. Migration of thrombotic material into the circulation depends on the dynamic forces of the circulation. Atrial fibrillation is the commonest underlying cardiac disorder predisposing to thromboembolism. Rheumatic mitral stenosis, left atrial enlargement, prior myocardial infarction, hypertension, and echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy are risk factors for thromboembolic stroke in elderly patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation accounts for 45% of cardiac sources of thromboembolic stroke and includes patients with ischemic heart disease, hypertension, thyrotoxic heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chronic sinoatrial disorder, and idiopathic atrial fibrillation. 15% of cardiac sources of thromboembolic stroke are associated with acute myocardial infarction, 10% with left ventricular aneurysm and mural thrombi remote from an acute myocardial infarction, 10% with rheumatic valvular heart disease, and 10% with prosthetic cardiac valves. Mitral valve prolapse, mitral annular calcium, nonischemic cardiomyopathies, infective endocarditis, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, left atrial myxoma, paradoxical embolism associated with congenital heart disease, calcific aortic stenosis, and complex atherosclerotic plaque within the proximal aorta also contribute to thromboembolism.
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PMID:Etiology and pathogenesis of thromboembolism. 176 43

A patient with known rheumatic mitral stenosis who developed infective endocarditis associated with a diarrhoeal illness is described. Dual infection with Salmonella virchow and Salmonella montevideo was identified. The illness was otherwise uncomplicated and she recovered after six weeks' treatment with parenteral antibiotics.
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PMID:Multiple Salmonella endocarditis. 652 45

Reparative surgery for valvular insufficiency is attempted frequently. The success of surgery depends partly on the underlying etiology. To establish the morphological characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve disease (insufficiency) (n = 12), mitral insufficiency due to infective endocarditis (n = 12), mitral insufficiency postinfarction (n = 6), rheumatic (predominant) mitral insufficiency postinfarction (n = 6), rheumatic (predominant) mitral stenosis (n = 12) and normal patients (n = 12) were examined retrospectively. In the groups of patients with mitral insufficiency< the mobility of the posterior leaflet tip (change in angle from the annular plane) was significantly less than normal 48 +/- 9 degrees only in the rheumatic group (12 +/- 7 degrees, P < 0.01). The posterior mitral leaflet tip had greater than normal mobility in the other mitral insufficiency groups: infective endocarditis 53 +/- 15 degrees (P = 0.35 versus normals), postinfarction 63 +/- 11 degrees (P = 0.02 versus normals), myxomatous 63 +/- 19 degrees (P = 0.03 versus normals). The mobility of the posterior mitral leaflet tip was also significantly less than normal in the rheumatic mitral stenosis group: 16 +/- 7 degrees, P < 0.01 versus normals. In the two rheumatic groups, diastolic doming of the anterior mitral leaflet was seen solely in mitral stenosis. In the predominant regurgitant group, the tip of the anterior mitral leaflet was much more mobile than in the stenosis group. Doming of the anterior mitral leaflet was absent from the predominant regurgitant group (2.1 +/- 0.9 cm, P < 0.001). The stenotic mitral valves domed 0.75 +/- 0.15 cm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Morphological characteristics of the regurgitant rheumatic mitral valve. 758 74

Autopsy data of 58 cases (1958-1986) was analysed for cardiac lesions. The cases were divided into 2 groups; paediatric (23) and adult (35). The heart was normal in 8.7% and 20.5% of the above groups respectively. Rest of the cases showed left ventricular hypertrophy with variable dilatation. Obstructive lesion in the aorta and or renal arteries was present in 91.3% of paediatric and 80.0% of adult cases. Congestive cardiac failure was very common in paediatric group (60.8%) and was not seen in absence of obstructive lesion in the aorta or renal arteries. Histologically the aortic lesion was healed in 70% and 50% of paediatric and adult cases. The commonest additional lesion found, was coronary artery involvement in 11 cases (17%). Ostial stenosis was noted in 7 cases, including 2 in paediatric age group. Epicardial coronaries were involved in 4 cases with infarcts in 4. Aortic incompetence was rare (3.4%). Associated rheumatic mitral stenosis was seen in 2 and healed infective endocarditis in one. Histologically apart from the above mentioned lesions the myocardium showed essentially a response to hypertension. Focal lymphocytic infiltration was seen in 2 children and tuberculosis myocarditis in 3 adults. No case of any other type of myocarditics or cardiomyopathy was seen. In conclusion hypertension and coronary artery disease are the main factors responsible for myocardial failure but additional related or unrelated factors were present in 15.0% cases.
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PMID:Cardiac lesions in non-specific aorto-arteritis. An autopsy study. 798 78

Most prior efforts of 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of echocardiographic images have focused on quantitation of ventricular size and function. The resulting images have been displayed in the wire mesh format. Recently, a method for 3-D transesophageal echocardiography using a computer-controlled probe that acquires parallel tomographic slices has been described. This technique provides dynamic 3-D volume-rendered images of the heart. This study was designed to determine if surgical visualization of intracardiac anatomy could be simulated using this imaging system. Data acquired from 8 patients with congenital and acquired heart disease were analyzed. Real-time 3-D images of the cardiac chambers and valves were obtained. Images of the cardiac pathology including fibrocalcific nodules on the aortic valve, mitral valve endocarditis, rheumatic mitral stenosis, and an ostium secundum atrial septal defect were displayed in 3 dimensions that simulated surgical exposure of these structures. These 3-D representations of cardiac anatomy were in some ways superior to standard intraoperative visualization in that they demonstrated the heart as a dynamic structure, as opposed to the empty, nonbeating heart observed while on cardiopulmonary bypass. In conclusion, 3-D images of cardiac structures as seen by the surgeon intraoperatively can be provided using a computer-driven tomographic transesophageal echocardiographic probe. This imaging system can be potentially useful in the planning and evaluation of cardiac surgery. Technical improvements such as 3-D representation of flow jets, the ability to manipulate images to simulate cardiac surgery, and on-line reconstruction can make this a powerful tool in the future.
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PMID:Simulation of intraoperative visualization of cardiac structures and study of dynamic surgical anatomy with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. 814 Oct 92

Embolism from the heart causes about one-fifth of ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks. Although a potential embolic source may be found in up to one-third of cases, which are actually caused by other mechanisms, in the young patient more than one source of embolism is less likely. The most-important embolic sources are non-rheumatic and rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), infective endocarditis, prosthetic heart valves, recent myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, intracardiac tumors, and rheumatic mitral stenosis. Uncomplicated mitral valve prolapse should no longer be considered a cause of embolism from the heart to the brain; an additional disorder (i.e., gross mitral regurgitation, AF, infective endocarditis) must be present to suggest a cardioembolic origin of the stroke.
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PMID:Embolism from the heart in the young patient: a short review. 1277 3

Human brucellosis is a rare zoonosis in East Asia. A case of brucella endocarditis in a 59-year-old farmer who had mild rheumatic mitral stenosis is presented. Excision of the mitral valve with associated vegetation was performed and a mechanical valve was substituted. Antibiotic treatment with doxycycline, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was continued for 6 months. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient had no symptoms and no signs of relapse.
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PMID:Brucella endocarditis in a non-endemic country: first reported case in East Asia. 1829 55

A left atrial thrombus is most often associated with atrial fibrillation and/or rheumatic mitral stenosis. It is very infrequently detected in the presence of sinus rhythm. The present report describes the case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with a stroke and was subsequently found to have two potential sources of embolization, including a vegetation on the native aortic valve, with associated severe aortic insufficiency, and a left atrial appendage thrombus despite being in sinus rhythm. To the authors' knowledge, the present report is the first to describe a left atrial thrombus in sinus rhythm associated with aortic valve endocarditis.
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PMID:Left atrial appendage thrombus in a patient in sinus rhythm with endocarditis and a severe aortic valve insufficiency. 1884 Dec 67

Facklamia hominis is a rare causative organism of infective endocarditis (IE). Only few cases of infection due to F. hominis have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of IE due to Gram-positive, alpha-haemolytic, catalase-negative coccus F. hominis in an adult patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Isolated mitral stenosis is an uncommon valve lesion predisposing to IE. The following paper is being presented to emphasize the possibility of IE due to F. hominis, and laboratories need to be alert of the potential significance in appropriate clinical setting.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis: a rare organism in an uncommon setting. 2332 Feb 10

A 46-year-old female diagnosed several years ago with arterial hypertension and an ischemic stroke with significant recovery was admitted for dyspnea on usual physical activity and fatigue. Physical examination revealed signs of heart failure with crackles on both lung bases, distented jugular veins, accentuated pulmonic valve closure (P2) and tricuspid regurgitation murmur. Echocardiography identified a large tumor in the left atrium, suggestive of atrial myxoma, which caused a severe functional mitral stenosis and produced severe pulmonary hypertension. A cardiac embolic source should always be checked in young patients with stroke. Atrial myxoma can mimic a variety of diseases: rheumatic mitral stenosis, infective endocarditis or autoimmune disease. A review on myxoma's histology, immunohistochemistry and genetics together with clinical aspects is presented.
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PMID:A rare cause of ischemic stroke: cardiac myxoma. Case report and review of literature. 3053 32


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