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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Swabs taken from the vagina, cervix and urethra of 152 women without any clinical signs of infection were studied for the presence of group B streptococci. 36.8% of these women were found to have group B streptococci in their genital tract. Isolation of streptococci took place by way of enrichment and selective culturing, determination of biochemical criteria as well as serological grouping and typing. Streptococci of human or animal origin which may be identified by precipitating group B antiserum were found to be identical. There were no criteria for a differentiation between human and animal (bovine) group B strains. Epidemiological associations between human infections and the consumption of raw milk containing galt streptococci have never been confirmed. Group B streptococci are present indepently in animals and humans. In humans, they may be present as saprophytes in the throat and female genitals and also cause severe disease like endocarditis and meningitis. There is no proof of the etiologic role as an agent of zooanthroponoses.
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PMID:[Group B-streptococci in the female genitals (author's transl)]. 109 76

From 1976 to 1981, 25 cases of S. pyogenes septicemia were diagnosed at the University Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland, in 5 children and 20 adults. The twenty adult patients are described. The age range was from 24 to 94 years. The portal of entry was the skin (erysipelas, skin ulcers, surgical wounds) in 12 cases, the respiratory tract (upper 3, lower 3) in 6 cases, and the vagina in 2 cases. All except 3 patients were acutely ill with high temperature (39 degrees C) and toxic appearance. None had an underlying malignancy. The clinical course was complicated in 5 patients, i.e. septic arthritis (2), pulmonary abscess (1), endocarditis (1) and acute rheumatic fever (1). After initiation of penicillin therapy, temperature and symptoms resolved only slowly (mean 11 days). Four patients died from infection. In 2 of them the antibiotic treatment had been delayed. When a patient exhibits clinical signs of septicemia and muco-cutaneous lesions suggestive of a portal of entry, S. pyogenes septicemia should be suspected. Complications are frequent and the prognosis remains poor despite early adequate antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Streptococcus (S. pyogenes) group A septicemia. Analysis of 20 cases in adults]. 633 81

Your recent lead article on toxic shock and tampons (November 1, p. 1161) prompts me to report a case of pelvic infection and staphylococcal septicemia 8 days after the insertion of a Lippes loop. Pelvic infection is a recognized complication of IUDs; although there have been 2 reports of endocarditis occurring in susceptible patients following the insertion of an IUD, septicemia is rare. A previously healthy 31-year old married woman had a loop inserted at a family planning clinic. 3 days later she developed sweating, vomiting, confusion, and cough and during the following 48 hours became disoriented with hallucinations. She was referred to the hospital with suspected encephalitis and on admission was febrile (38.8 degrees Celsius) and stuporose but responded to simple commands. Blood pressure was 95/60 mmHg but there were no other abnormal signs. Hemoglobin was 12.2 g/dl, white blood count 4.0x109/1 (80% neutrophils), erythrocyte sedimentation rate 70mm in the 1st hour; cerebrospinal fluid normal. Chest x-ray examination revealed patchy consolidation in the upper lobes of both lungs and an electroencephalogram showed bilateral nonspecific abnormality. 3 blood cultures taken on admission yielded penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. She was treated with high-dose intravenous cloxacillin and 24 hours after starting the antibiotic had improved markedly and the IUD was removed. Culture from the coil and also from a high vaginal swab yielded Staph aureus with a similar antibiogram to that of the organism cultured from the blood. Subsequent recovery was uneventful, although repeat chest x-ray examination showed small abscess cavities in the upper lobes of both lungs. The patient was discharged 4 weeks after admission and serial chest radiographs have confirmed complete resolution of the pneumonia and abscesses. There is little doubt that this patients' septicemia with lung abscess formation and encephalopathy originated in the genital tract. The patient was both toxic and shocked but was different from patients with the recently described toxic shock syndrome in that her blood culture was positive for Staph aureus. The case provides another example of the importance of this organism as a cause of infection associated with the insertion of foreign bodies into or through the vagina.
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PMID:Staphylococcal septicaemia after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. 744 49

An unusual case of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is described in which the patient had persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia despite therapy with iv cloxacillin. There was no demonstrable evidence of endocarditis or an abscess as a focus for persisting bacteremia. The strain of S. aureus isolated from the blood and vagina produced toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and enterotoxin A. Bacteremia occurs uncommonly in association with TSS; however, aggressive high-dose antistaphylococcal therapy should be instituted for treating this possible complication.
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PMID:Menstrual toxic shock syndrome complicated by persistent bacteremia: case report and review. 844 9

The increasing usage of cephalosporins, to which the enterococci are resistant, has resulted in the rising number of enterococcal infections worldwide. Enterococci are a normal part of the flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, buccal cavity, perineal skin, vagina, urethra and gallbladder, but may occur as pathogens in a number of sites causing urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, fatal bacteremia, meningitis and endocarditis. A Saudi male who developed enterococcal endocarditis with vegetations on both aortic and mitral valves required mitral and aortic valve replacement. The attention of physicians is drawn to the increasing frequency of enterococcus as a cause of nosocomial infections, the risk factors, and antibiotic resistance pattern including resistance to vancomycin as well as its potential for virulence.
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PMID:Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis. 1237 Jul 26

Enterococci are widely distributed in the environment; within the human body, they are normal commensals of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and vagina. In recent years, enterococci have become one of the most frequent causes of acquired nosocomial infections worldwide. The molecular mechanism of virulence of these bacteria is still not completely understood. The aims of this work were to characterize phenotypically 47 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium collected in Sardinia (Italy) by their abilities to adhere to different epithelial cell lines (Vero and Caco-2 cells) and to associate their phenotypes with the presence of known virulence genes detected within their genomes by PCR. The following genes were amplified: AS (aggregation substance), esp (surface protein gene), ace (accessory colonization factor), efaA (E. faecalis endocarditis antigen) and gelE (gelatinase). The virulence genes were detected in E. faecalis isolates only, with the exception of esp, which was found in both species. The phenotypic and genotypic results were also compared with the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics.
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PMID:Incidence of virulence determinants in clinical Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates collected in Sardinia (Italy). 1274 68

The genus Ruminococcus which are anaerobe Gram positive cocci, previously classified as Peptostreptococcus, may colonize the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, vagina and skin of humans and animals. In this report a case of liver abscess and a case of infective endocarditis caused by Ruminoccocus productus, which is very rarely encountered in the clinical practice were presented. The first case was a 32 years old male who was admitted to the hospital in 2002, with the complaints of fever lasting for 20 days and pain while breathing. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of a liver abscess, and the drainage material from the abscess yielded Ruminococcus productus, identified in BACTEC 9200 (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md) anaerobe system. As the isolate was found to be sensitive to penicilin, the empirical gentamicin and ampicillin/sulbactam therapy was continued. The second case was a 25 years old male who was admitted to the hospital in 2005, with the signs of fever lasting for 3-4 months, chills, bone and joint pains. As multiple vegetations were detected in echocardiography, blood cultures were collected and empirical therapy with ceftriaxone and gentamicin was initiated with the preliminary diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Bacteria which were isolated from blood cultures by BACTEC 9200 system have been identified as R. productus. As this strain was also sensitive to penicillin, the empirical therapy was changed to penicilin and gentamicin. These two cases indicated that R. productus should be considered in complicated infections even if it is a rarely isolated species from the clinical samples.
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PMID:[Liver abscess and infective endocarditis cases caused by Ruminococcus productus]. 1720 98

Lactobacillus (LB) is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that inhabits the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, vagina and nasal cavity. Although LB plays a role in the prevention of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, it causes some critical infectious diseases such as infective endocarditis (IE). IE due to LB is rare; however, early diagnosis and early treatment are important because of its high mortality rate. We report the onset of IE after otologic treatment in a heavy drinker of alcohol, the second case of IE due to LB in Japan.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis caused by lactobacillus. 1855 68

Lactobacilli are Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, vagina and nasal cavity. In this report, a rare case of Lactobacillus jensenii endocarditis in a 47-year-old immunocompetent patient is described. Blood cultures and a replaced mitral valve were positive for L. jensenii as assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on susceptibility tests the patient was successfully treated with a mixture of teicoplanin and meropenem antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:Endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus jensenii in an immunocompetent patient. 2013 16

Enterococci are responsible for an increasing number of human infections. They are normally part of the flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, buccal cavity, perineal skin, vagina, urethra and gallbladder, but may occur as pathogens in several sites causing urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, fatal bacteremia, meningitis and endocarditis. Enterococcus avium is a rare cause of infection in humans. Here, we report a 19-year-old Saudi girl diagnosed as a case of astrocytoma grade II arising from the right thalamus. She underwent treatment with radiotherapy followed by 5 chemotherapy sessions. She subsequently developed a cerebral abscess, and we performed mini craniotomy of the left parietal region with drainage of the brain abscess. The pus obtained from the abscess grew Enterococcus avium. We successfully treated her with antibiotics and discharged her home. The rarity of the organism causing cerebral abscess has motivated the documentation of this case and the pathogenesis of Enterococcus avium.
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PMID:Enterococcus avium. An unusual cause of cerebral abscess. 2247 42


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