Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. It is produced by fewer than 5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains. A collection of 172 S. aureus strains were screened for PVL genes by polymerase chain reaction amplification. PVL genes were detected in 93% of strains associated with furunculosis and in 85% of those associated with severe necrotic hemorrhagic pneumonia (all community-acquired). They were detected in 55% of cellulitis strains, 50% of cutaneous abscess strains, 23% of osteomyelitis strains, and 13% of finger-pulp-infection strains. PVL genes were not detected in strains responsible for other infections, such as infective endocarditis, mediastinitis, hospital-acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and enterocolitis, or in those associated with toxic-shock syndrome. It thus appears that PVL is mainly associated with necrotic lesions involving the skin or mucosa.
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PMID:Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. 1052 52

A decade ago we discovered a hitherto unrecognized Aerococcus-like organism (ALO) in urine specimens from patients with urinary tract infection. Further microbiological and clinical investigations enabled us to classify it as a human pathogen also causing urogenic septicaemia and endocarditis, the latter often with lethal outcome. The organism is now designated Aerococcus urinae.
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PMID:[Aerococcus urinae. A newcomer among pathogenic bacteria in clinical and microbiological practice]. 1077 37

Citrobacter species are motile Gram-negative bacilli that cause disease in humans, such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, superficial and deep wound infections, gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and rarely endocarditis. In those cases of endocarditis, intravenous drug use has been associated with Citrobacter species. Gram-negative organisms are present in less than 10% of cases of endocarditis in intravenous drug users. We present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in an intravenous drug user caused by Citrobacter diversus alone.
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PMID:Citrobacter diversus endocarditis. 1114 56

We characterized 22 human clinical strains of Streptococcus bovis by genotypic (16S rRNA gene sequence analysis [MicroSeq]; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) and phenotypic (API 20 Strep and Rapid ID32 Strep systems (bioMerieux Vitek, Hazelton, Mo.) methods. The strains, isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, formed two distinct 16S ribosomal DNA sequence clusters. Three strains which were associated with endocarditis urinary tract infection (UTI), and sepsis clustered with the S. bovis type strain ATCC 33317 (cluster 1); other closely related type strains were S. equinus and S. infantarius. Nineteen strains clustered at a distance of about 2.5% dissimilarity to the S. bovis type strain (cluster 2) and were associated with central nervous system (CNS) disease in addition to endocarditis, UTI, and sepsis. All strains were distinct from S. gallolyticus. Within cluster 2, a single strain grouped with ATCC strain 43143 (cluster 2a) and may be phenotypically distinct. All the other strains formed a second subgroup (cluster 2b) that was biochemically similar to S. bovis biotype II/2 (mannitol negative and beta galactosidase, alpha galactosidase, beta glucuronidase, and trehalose positive). The API 20 Strep system identified isolates of cluster 2b as S. bovis biotype II/2, those of cluster 1 as S. bovis biotype II/1, and that of cluster 2a as S. bovis biotype I. There was an excellent correlation of biotype and genotype: S. bovis biotype II/2 isolates form a separate genospecies distinct from the S. bovis, S. gallolyticus, and S. infantarius type strains and are the most common isolates in adult males.
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PMID:16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis distinguishes biotypes of Streptococcus bovis: Streptococcus bovis Biotype II/2 is a separate genospecies and the predominant clinical isolate in adult males. 1128 85

Enterococcus faecalis bacteria isolated from patients with bacteremia, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections more frequently express the surface protein Esp than do fecal isolates. To assess the role of Esp in colonization and persistence of E. faecalis in an animal model of ascending urinary tract infection, we compared an Esp(+) strain of E. faecalis to its isogenic Esp-deficient mutant. Groups of CBA/J mice were challenged transurethrally with 10(8) CFU of either the parent or mutant strain, and bacteria in the urine, bladder, and kidneys were enumerated 5 days postinfection. Significantly higher numbers of bacteria were recovered from the bladder and urine of mice challenged with the parent strain than from the bladder and urine of mice challenged with the mutant. Colonization of the kidney, however, was not significantly different between the parent and mutant strains. Histopathological evaluations of kidney and bladder tissue done at 5 days postinfection did not show marked histopathological changes consistent with inflammation, mucosal hyperplasia, or apoptosis, and there was no observable difference between the mice challenged with the parent and those challenged with the mutant. We conclude that, while Esp does not influence histopathological changes associated with acute urinary tract infections, it contributes to colonization and persistence of E. faecalis at this site.
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PMID:Role of Enterococcus faecalis surface protein Esp in the pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infection. 1140 75

Between August 1996 and May 1998, a total of 62 patients who had complicated urinary tract infections treated at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital were enrolled into this study. This prospective, randomized, open-labeled trial aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of ceftibuten and cefixime, prescribed each at a dose of 200 mg twice daily, in treating complicated urinary tract infection. Seventeen patients were later excluded from the analysis because of resistant pathogens (7 patients), uncomplicated urinary tract infection (6), initial culture negative for bacteria (3), and infective endocarditis (1). The remaining 45 patients were categorized into ceftibuten (n=23; mean age, 71.3 years) and cefixime (n=22; mean age, 62.8 years) treatment groups. No significant difference in demographic data and clinical characteristics was found between the 2 groups. The clinical efficacy rate (78.3% vs 77.3%, p=0.9) and bacteriological eradication rate (52.2% vs 63.6%, p=0.08) were similar between the ceftibuten and the cefixime group. Adverse effects caused by ceftibuten treatment included diarrhea and slight elevation of the serum level of liver transaminase in 2 (6.5%) patients. Those caused by cefixime treatment included slight elevation of serum level of liver transaminase in 2 (6.5%) patients and skin rash in 1 (3.2%) patient. All of these adverse effects resolved quickly after the regimen had been completed, and no patient discontinued the regimen because of the adverse effects. The results suggest that oral administration of ceftibuten 200 mg twice daily is as effective and safe as oral administration of cefixime 200 mg twice daily in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Comparative study of ceftibuten and cefixime in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. 1160 9

Mitral valve aneurysm is a rare cause of mitral regurgitation, and is usually associated with aortic valve endocarditis. Prompt diagnosis and early surgical treatment can prevent complications such as embolization and rupture of the aneurysm. The authors report a case of aortic valve endocarditis and mitral valve aneurysm in a patient who initially presented with urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Anterior mitral valve aneurysm: a subaortic complication of aortic valve endocarditis: a case report and review of literature. 1197 84

Throughout the history of mankind, infectious diseases have remained a major cause of death and disability. Although industrialized nations, such as the United States, have experienced significant reductions in infection-related mortality and morbidity since the beginning of the "antibiotic era," death and complications from infectious diseases remain a serious problem for older persons. Pneumonia is the major infection-related cause of death in older persons, and urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection seen in geriatric patients. Other serious and common infections in older people include intra-abdominal sepsis, bacterial meningitis, infective endocarditis, infected pressure ulcers, septic arthritis, tuberculosis, and herpes zoster. As a consequence, frequent prescribing of antibiotics for older patients is common practice. The large volume of antibiotics prescribed has contributed to the emergence of highly resistant pathogens among geriatric patients, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Unless preventive strategies coupled with newer drug development are established soon, eventually clinicians will be encountering infections caused by highly resistant pathogens for which no effective antibiotics will be available. Clinicians could then be experiencing the same frustrations of not being able to treat infections effectively as were seen in the "pre-antibiotic era."
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PMID:Antimicrobial resistance and aging: beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? 1212 17

Infection caused by Penicillium spp. due to species other than P. marneffei is rare. We present three such cases of invasive disease. The first had chronic granulomatous disorder (CGD) with pulmonary infection caused by Penicillium spp. and he responded to amphotericin B therapy. Cases two and three were not known to be immunocompromised and both failed to respond to therapy. Case two had cerebral disease from an unknown source caused by P. chrysogenum. Case three probably acquired infection caused by P. decumbens peri-operatively and presented with paravertebral infection. The pertinent literature on invasive infections of Penicillium spp. other than P. marneffei is reviewed. From 1951 onwards, 31 reported cases of invasive disease included 12 cases of pulmonary infection (six in non-immunocompromised patients), four cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis, six cases of CAPD peritonitis, five cases of endophthalmitis, individual cases of fungemia and oesophagitis (both in AIDS), upper urinary tract infection and intracranial infection. Trauma, surgery or prosthetic material is commonly implicated in the non-pulmonary cases. Superficial infection (keratitis and otomycosis) is commonly caused by Penicillium spp. Allergic pulmonary disease, often occupational (such as various cheeseworkers' diseases), is also common. Optimal therapy for invasive infection is not established, but surgery may be advisable if possible. Amphotericin B may be the most effective antifungal drug.
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PMID:Invasive infection due to penicillium species other than P. marneffei. 1238 76

The authors report on the case of a 18-year-old student who died suddenly and unexpectedly of a pericardial tamponade after perforated ulcer-polypous endocarditis of the aortic valve. The detection of aerococcus urinae--which usually causes urinary tract infection--on the inflamed aortic valve demonstrates an unusual pathogenetic chain linking complexes of findings in the urogenital system and the heart.
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PMID:[Hemopericardium caused by endocarditis ulcerosa: an unusual cause of sudden death in adolescence]. 1253 78


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