Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A commercial kit from Diagnostica, Inc., Miami Fla., was studied for its ability to detect antibodies to the teichoic acids of Staphylococcus aureus. A comparative study of the Diagnostica counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) system and our gel double-diffusion method was undertaken with 156 serum samples from 142 patients. Included were 25 cases of staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal endocarditis, 30 cases of S. aureus bacteremia, 19 cases of nonbacteremic S. aureus infection, 39 cases of hospitalized patients without a staphylococcal infection, and 29 normal controls. Agreement between methodologies was attained in 138 (88.5%) of the 156 samples tested and in 127 (89.4%) of the 142 patients. Of 13 patients with culture-proven S. aureus endocarditis, significant antibody titers were found in all patients (100%) by CIE and in 12 patients (92.3%) by double diffusion. No significant titers were found in normal sera by CIE, but four sera were positive by double diffusion. Of 80 sera from patients with no evidence of S. aureus infection, 4 (5.0%) were positive by CIE and 7 (8.8%) were positive by double diffusion. The Diagnostica CIE kit appears to provide a suitable means for the detection of deep-seated S. aureus infections.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of a commercial counterimmunoelectrophoresis kit for detection of Staphylococcus aureus teichoic acid antibodies. 640 37

Acute renal failure developed in a diabetic with staphylococcal arthritis and septicaemia in the absence of endocarditis. Renal biopsy showed proliferative glomerulonephritis and there was evidence of alternative pathway of complement activation. Renal function recovered following haemodialysis for 2 months. The association of glomerulonephritis with staphylococcal infection is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal failure due to glomerulonephritis associated with staphylococcal infection. 646 88

During a 22-month period, 47 patients with 49 consecutive episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia were identified and observed prospectively for the development of endocarditis and metastatic infection. Eighteen (37%) of the episodes were community-acquired and 31 (63%) were nosocomial. The mean patient age was 55 years, and all but nine patients had one or more underlying diseases. A primary focus was identified for 38 episodes (78%) most often an intravenous catheter, and 21 episodes (43%) were associated with a removable focus of infection. In this group, no patient had endocarditis after a mean duration of 20 days of therapy. Overall, two of 47 patients had endocarditis by clinical criteria; one was a drug abuser and one had no known heart disease. Forty-five of 49 episodes were treated with a single antimicrobial agent. There were 12 (24%) deaths in this series, seven (14.2%) directly due to staphylococcal infection. In this prospective study we found a low but definite risk of endocarditis associated with S aureus bacteremia. The mortality was similar to that in other recently published studies. All deaths occurred within two weeks of initiating therapy, indicating the potential importance of host factors in the outcome.
 ...
PMID:Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective study. 661 91

Pericardial fluid, serum and atrial appendage concentrations of netilmicin and gentamicin were determined in 80 patients who received one or two pre-operative doses of either netilmicin 200 mg im or gentamicin 120 mg im. Mean atrial appendage concentrations of netilmicin and gentamicin after a single dose were 4.8 and 2.1 mg/kg; mean serum concentrations were 6.9 and 3.9 mg/l, and mean pericardial fluid concentrations 3.8 and 2.6 mg/l, respectively. After two doses apparent sequestration of the antibiotic in pericardial fluid was observed. A review of the cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis during the last decade suggests that aminoglycoside/isoxazolyl penicillin combinations provide good anti-staphylococcal prophylaxis. A change in the pattern of infections has been observed. The incidence of staphylococcal infection has fallen; early infections may be of fungal aetiology and late infections show a similar distribution of infecting organisms to that seen in native valve endocarditis.
 ...
PMID:Netilmicin prophylaxis in open-heart surgery. 669 14

Sera from individuals with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and osteomyelitis and from some individuals with other forms of gram-positive endocarditis yielded higher readings in a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against lipoteichoic acid from S. aureus than did sera from individuals with other types of serious staphylococcal infection or non-staphylococcal osteomyelitis, or from unselected inpatients.
 ...
PMID:Detection of antibody to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid with a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 671 23

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of circulating free and complexed staphylococcal antigens in various clinical categories of staphylococcal infections. Circulating immune complexes were studied by the polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Circulating immune complexes and staphylococcal antigen (at titers of greater than or equal to 1:32) dissociated from the complexes were found in 7 of 8 patients (87.5%) with staphylococcal endocarditis and in 4 of 20 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia (20%). Although the majority of patients did not have detectable free staphylococcal antigen, it was found in three patients with staphylococcal pneumonia. We conclude that detection of complexed antigen in high titer may differentiate patients with staphylococcal endocarditis from those with other forms of staphylococcal infection or transient bacteremia.
 ...
PMID:Detection of circulating free and complexed staphylococcal antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 716 70

Three patients with visceral Staphylococcal aureus infections, but no evidence of endocarditis, developed signs of acute glomerulonephritis. Renal biopsy in two patients showed a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and mesangial deposits containing IgA, IgG, and C3; autopsy material in a third patient showed acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. The clinical setting and pathologic findings of our patients with visceral Staphylococcal infection and glomerulonephritis are different than those found in the better-understood syndromes of glomerulonephritis associated with endocarditis or infected ventriculojugular shunts. Our patients provide support for the contention that some cases of primary or idiopathic glomerulonephritis may by caused by Staphylococcal infections.
 ...
PMID:Glomerulonephritis and Staphylococcal aureus infections. 722 84

The outcome of infective endocarditis remains poor. It has an overall mortality of around 30%, rising in high-risk subgroups to 50% and 100%. The prognosis can be improved by identification of high-risk patients and special management. Patients with infective endocarditis are found to be at high risk for death or serious complications when one or more of the following factors exist: old age (especially > 60 years old), delayed diagnosis, staphylococcal infection, aortic valve endocarditis, large valvular vegetation, congestive heart failure, embolization in the central nervous system or coronary artery, prosthetic valve infection, recurrent events, and failed antibiotic therapy. These factors often coexist and interrelate with one another. Early diagnosis and active treatment are critical for a better clinical outcome. However, infective endocarditis is difficult to diagnose because of the atypical clinical manifestations and frequent negative results from blood culture. Echocardiography plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and management of suspected or known infective endocarditis. By detecting and monitoring certain pathological changes associated with the disease, e.g. vegetation, abscess formation, or valvular destruction, echocardiography helps to diagnose the disease early, to identify patients at high risk, to monitor the patients, and to optimize the timing and mode of surgical intervention. Serious complications can thus be avoided or cured at an early stage and the prognosis significantly improved.
 ...
PMID:Identification of high-risk subgroups in infective endocarditis and the role of echocardiography. 758 89

Prosthetic valve endocarditis is still a very serious complication, carrying an incidence of death between 30 and 70% in some series. Therefore early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Early (less than 60 days post surgery) endocarditis is usually a fulminant disease, where staphylococcal infection is most common. Late prosthetic endocarditis resembles more closely other forms of the disease. Conventional echocardiography is useful in the evaluation of prosthetic valve function, but it is very limited in the demonstration of infective lesions, primarily because of acoustic shadowing. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TE) enables high resolution imaging of the heart without chest wall interference, and viewing of the heart from the posterior (atrial, low pressure) side, where most of the vegetations are expected to be found in both mitral and tricuspid positions. It also enables better visualization of the left ventricular outflow tract, where aortic prosthetic vegetations tend to be present. Furthermore, transoesophageal echocardiography allows accurate diagnosis of some of the common complications of endocarditis: abscess/cavity formation; mycotic aneurysm; prosthetic valve dehiscence and regurgitation. In spite of these advantages, limitations should be recognized. Struts are commonly seen on transoesophageal echocardiography following surgery and should not be confused with vegetations. Similarly, normal prosthetic regurgitation should not be confused with paravalvar leakage. Nevertheless, transoesophageal echocardiography, when expertly used, changes the possibility for early and more accurate diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis dramatically. Transoesophageal echocardiography should be included among the major criteria in the diagnosis and follow-up of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
 ...
PMID:Echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valve endocarditis. 767 26

Dramatic changes in the epidemiology and susceptibility patterns of Gram-positive cocci during the last decade have mandated new approaches to the management of many bacterial infections. For example, there has been a sharp increase in the incidence of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, particularly those resistant to methicillin (MRSA), and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly those associated with foreign bodies and indwelling medical devices. Additionally, the worldwide spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to penicillin and macrolides, and the emergence of enterococci (particularly Enterococcus faecium) resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin and other antibiotics, present further therapeutic problems. New antibacterial agents are urgently required to meet the challenges posed by these epidemiological trends. The semisynthetic streptogramins, a unique class of antibacterials currently under development, offer promise in the treatment of such multiresistant infections. Possible future applications include treatment of infections caused by the following organisms: MRSA, enterococci resistant to vancomycin, macrolides or lincosamides; and beta-lactam-resistant streptococci. They may also prove useful as therapy for children with staphylococcal infection and patients with multiresistant infections who are unable to tolerate vancomycin, including patients with skin and soft tissue infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens, patients with osteomyelitis, foreign body associated infections, endocarditis and sepsis due to Gram-positive bacteria. Clinical trials are required to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of streptogramins in these settings.
 ...
PMID:Future prospects and therapeutic potential of streptogramins. 872 15


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>