Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was utilized to determine antistaphylococcal precipitin antibody titers in patients with various staphylococcal diseases and in control subjects. Patients with staphylococcal disease comprised five cases of endocarditis, 22 of deep tissue infection (including seven cases of osteomyelitis), six of bacteremia and six of skin infection. Control subjects consisted of 31 patients with nonstaphylococcal bacteremias, 29 hospitalized patients without infection and 30 healthy subjects. Antistaphylococcal antibodies were present in all patients with staphylococcal endocarditis and deep tissue staphylococcal infection, and all but three had titers greater than or equal to 1:4. No significant difference in titers was found between these two groups of patients. Antibodies, although present in some patients in the other categories, were detected less frequently; only two patients had titers greater than or equal to 1:4. Thus, an antistaphylococcal antibody titer by CIE of 1:4 or greater may be an additional diagnostic parameter helpful in distinguishing patients with staphylococcal endocarditis or deep tissue infection from those with other forms of staphylococcal infection and from noninfected subjects.
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PMID:Correlation of antistaphylococcal antibody titers with severity of staphylococcal disease. 64 29

In a retrospective review of 53 patients, 58 episodes of infection due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus (Herellea vaginicola) were studied. Although the organism is widely distributed in nature, it is of relatively low virulence since colonization is more frequently noted than infection and since most infections occur in patients subjected to the epidemiologic pressures common to nosocomial, gram-negative bacillary infection: prior antibiotic therapy; instrumentation and manipulation (e.g., endotracheal intubation, urinary bladder catheterization, arterial and venous cannulation); surgery; hospitalization, especially with residence in an intensive care unit; severe underlying disease, either systemic (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy) or localized to the infected area (e.g., prior bacterial or aspirational pneumonia, trauma). Pneumonia was the most common infection due to A. calcoaceticus, and occurred only in patients with a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube in place. In over half the 25 patients, more than one lobe was involved and bronchopneumonia was the usual roentgenographic appearance. Cavitation (2 patients) and empyema formation (3 patients) were uncommon. The severity of acinetobacter pneumonia is reflected in the high mortality rate (44% overall, with a 36% mortality rate due primarily to infection). Tracheobronchitis due to A. calcoaceticus was less severe than pneumonia since no patients died primarily as a result of the infection. Urinary tract infections occurred in five patients, none of whom were ill and none of whom died. Urinary bladder catheterization was thought to be responsible for infection in three patients, and in at least four of the five patients infection was restricted to the lower tract. Wound infections were noted in six patients who had undergone surgery and were related to the presence of foreign bodies in the operative site in five of the patients. Surgical debridement and/or drainage of the infected area was the primary therapeutic measure employed in most cases. Only one patient died and this was a result of noninfectious causes. Skin infection due to A. calcoaceticus was seen in two patients, one of whom exhibited fulminant, fatal cellulitis and septicemia in the setting of pancytopenia. All nine patients with acinetobacter septicemia had received antecedent antibiotic therapy, and in all cases intravenous catheters were in place at the time bacteremia occurred. Clinically, seven of the nine patients were in shock. The mortality rate was 44% overall, with a 22% mortality rate due to infection. Although septicemia was thought to be "line-related" in five of the nine patients, serious post-bacteremic complications developed in three patients: prosthetic valve endocarditis, suppurative thrombophlebitis and subhepatic abscess.
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PMID:Infections with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Herellea vaginicola): clinical and laboratory studies. 84 90

Glomerulonephritis may complicate infections due to various microorganisms. These microorganisms are bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic. Considerable clinical and experimental evidence has accumulated to indicate that glomerular injury is due to in situ immune complex deposition. In France, renal lesions are more often due to focal skin infection and sinus or visceral abscesses, with or without endocarditis, rather than to pharyngeal streptococcal infection. Staphylococcal infections are a frequent cause, especially in intravenous illicit drug users. Recovery requires suppression of the infective agent. However, in severe forms, after initial acute glomerular damage the evolution may be characterized by the development of chronic glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:[Glomerulonephritis of infectious origin]. 180 54

Multivariate statistical methods, multiple regression (RA) and automatic interaction detector analysis (AID) were used to study the possibility of an early prediction of staphylococcal etiology in 249 of 851 patients with verified septicemia or endocarditis. The variables included pertinent symptoms and signs and laboratory data available soon after admission. 10 of the 70 variables initially studied showed simple, or in various combinations, a statistically significant partial correlation to staphylococcal etiology in the AID. The highest predictive value with a high probability for staphylococcal etiology was recorded for combinations of the variables: i.v. narcotic addiction and septic pulmonary embolism; non-addiction, wound infection, and hospitalization within 4 weeks; non-addiction, absence of skin infection, presence of foreign body, and age less than 60 yr. Staphylococcal etiology was contradicted by the absence of i.v. narcotic addiction, skin infection, foreign body, septic skin manifestation, surgical procedure within 4 weeks, joint symptom and a C-reactive protein less than or equal to 10 mm. Thus, a prediction of etiology may be valuable in choosing therapy before definite confirmation by positive blood cultures or when blood cultures remain sterile.
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PMID:Prediction of staphylococcal etiology among patients with septicemia with or without endocarditis by multivariate statistical methods. 399 4

Three cases of osteoarthritis due to dematiaceous fungi are reported. The first case, a Drechslera longirostrata spondylitis complicating prosthetic valve fungal endocarditis responded only to the association of Amphotericin B and Ketoconazole. The second patient had chronic osteoarthritis of the knee due to Phialophora parasitica resistant to medical and surgical treatment after renal transplantation. These two cases are the first and the second known reports of clinical infection with these fungi. The third patient had osteoarthritis of the patella complicating a skin infection by a thorn prick. This was cured by surgical excision and 3 months' medical treatment. These cases of infections osteoarthritis of the knee followed subcutaneous abscesses. Deep tissue infections with dematiaceous fungi with osteoarthritic involvement are very rare (6 cases of Drechslera and 8 cases of Phialophora have been reported). These fungi are opportunist saprophytes of plants in subtropical regions. They are characterised on culture by their brown and black pigmentation and microscopy shows septated filaments. Cutaneous effraction is the usual portal of entry in man; patients commonly have depression of their immune systems. Osteoarthritis is generally due to local extension of a subcutaneous abscess. The functional sequellae can be very serious. Treatment comprises surgical excision of the infected tissues with antifungal drugs which may have to be given in association.
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PMID:[Osteoarthritis caused by dematiaceous fungi. Apropos of 3 cases]. 406 37

Cefotaxime was administered as sole treatment (49 cases) or after failure of another previous antibiotic (17 cases) to 66 patients suffering from infectious diseases. The 78 infections thus treated included urinary tract infections (35), septicaemia or endocarditis (25), respiratory tract infections (7), osteitis (5), meningitis (4), biliary infection (1), and skin infection (1). The pathogens identified were more often enterobacteria: Serratia: 23, E. coli: 15, Klebsiella: 7, Proteus: 7, Enterobacter: 1, Providentia: 1, Pseudomonas: 5, Staphylococcus: 7, Pneumococcus: 4, Streptococcus: 2, Branhamella: 1. Cefotaxime was given either intravenously (2/3 of cases) or intramuscularly, at an average daily dose of 3.75 g (mean: 1.5-8 g). It was administered alone to 49 patients suffering from septicaemia and urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, Klebsiella and especially Serratia, and it was combined in 17 cases, particularly in meningitis and bone infections. The overall results of cefotaxime given in serious diseases were especially favourable in debilitated patients (88% therapeutic success). The local tolerance was good and side effects were not observed in any patient. Cefotaxime seems to be an active antibiotic, indicated in many severe septicemic or not septicemic infections, more particularly in diseases with multiresistant Gram negative pathogens.
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PMID:[The use of cefotaxime against infections (author's transl)]. 625

Four cases of infectious arthritis due to beta hemolytic streptococci, Lancefield Group G are described. Three patients presented with acute polyarthritis involving unusual sites while the 4th patient had acute monoarthritis. All 4 cases had underlying diseases which predisposed them to infection: alcoholism (2 cases), malignant disease (1 case) and diabetes mellitus (1 case). Three patients had coexistent Group G streptococcal infection: endocarditis in 2 and skin infection in 1. With adequate parenteral antibiotic therapy and frequent joint aspiration, the prognosis for return of normal joint function following infection with Group G streptococcus appears to be excellent. These cases demonstrate the need for routine serogrouping of streptococcal isolates in patients with septic arthritis. The importance of recognizing this uncommon type of infectious arthritis is emphasized in view of its prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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PMID:Group G streptococcal arthritis. 712 Feb 37

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing diseases which range from minor skin infection to endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. The pathogenesis of S. aureus is due primarily to the production of toxic exoproteins, whose synthesis is controlled by a global regulatory system, agr. We show here that agr is autoinduced by a proteinaceous factor produced and secreted by the bacteria and that it is inhibited by a peptide produced by an exoprotein-deficient S. aureus mutant strain. The inhibitor, RIP, competes with the activator, RAP, and may be a mutational derivative. Our results suggest two possible approaches, independent of antibiotics, to the control of S. aureus infections. RIP may prove useful as a direct inhibitor of virulence and RAP as a vaccine against the expression of agr-induced virulence factors; either could interfere with the ability of the bacteria to establish and maintain an infection.
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PMID:Autocrine regulation of toxin synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus. 753 97

Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and intensive care support, Staphylococcus aureus continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. We studied community-acquired S. aureus bacteraemia in a population where intravenous drug abuse is extremely uncommon, prospectively reviewing all such patients (n = 113) admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital from February 1986 to January 1991. Overall mortality was 35%. Factors associated with poor outcome were: confusion on presentation, failure to mount a febrile response, acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, shock, endocarditis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and platelet count of < 100 x 10(9)/l. Only confusion, acute renal failure and shock were independently associated with death by stepwise regression analysis. Skin infections were the most commonly identified source of bacteraemia (22%), but in 58% of patients the source was not determined. Twenty-six percent of patients were diabetic. Almost all patients (90%) developed one or more complications. In those who survived, therapy was generally prolonged, with a median of 70 days and range of 7-393 days, depending on the associated complications. Community-acquired S. aureus bacteraemia is a serious condition associated with a high complication rate and mortality.
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PMID:Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in patients who do not abuse intravenous drugs. 951 11

From 1990 to 1996, a total of 65 patients from whom Corynebacterium diphtheriae had been isolated were reported to the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. A retrospective review of medical and microbiological records as well as results of ribotyping of available isolates was performed. Twenty-seven patients had acquired their infection without evidence of use of illicit drugs, mostly as a skin infection imported from subtropical areas (20 patients); 38 isolations were associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU) (skin, 15; respiratory tract, 10; blood, 13). Endocarditis was documented in nine patients with bloodstream infection, four of whom died. There were two additional deaths due to overwhelming sepsis. The same ribotype of nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae was found in 31 of the 32 examined isolates associated with IVDU. All non-IVDU isolates had different ribotypes. Among Swiss drug users, a single clone of nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae was found over a period of several years with a high potential to cause severe invasive infection.
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PMID:An outbreak of nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection: single bacterial clone causing invasive infection among Swiss drug users. 982 85


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