Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Laennec's lung disease lasted for at least 20 years. Its stigmata included chronic cough, sputum production and intermittent wheeze. 2. Laennec had long term stigmata commonly associated with chronic bronchiectasis, sinusitis, physical frailty, and short stature (5ft 2in). 3. Chronic diarrhoea of at least 20 years duration is not strongly associated with tuberculosis. 4. During Laennec's last illness his physicians equivocated as to whether he had respiratory disease at all. Bronchial breathing at the apex, if indeed present, could have been caused by compensatory emphysema secondary to middle lobe bronchiectasis rather than to active tuberculosis. 5. Laennec did not have haemoptysis in his final illness. 6. Laennec's last illness, a wasting illness characterised by intermittent fevers, cardiac murmur, and persistent tachycardia followed a dental manipulation. The painful "abdominal abscess" noted by Laennec's colleagues may actually have been splenomegaly. These features suggest endocarditis. The cardiac murmurs associated with pulmonary hypertension secondary to bronchiectasis are not usually audible at a remote distance from the patient. Endocarditis was a disease largely unknown to physicians of the early 19th century before Osler clarified its pathology in the 1880s.
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PMID:Rene Laennec: his brilliant life and tragic early death. 266 72

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen in many serious infections, such as pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. It uncommonly causes infective endocarditis and only rarely produces spinal epidural abscesses. This report describes a patient who had pneumococcal infection presenting as an acute epidural abscess and who was subsequently found to have endocarditis. S. pneumoniae was cultured from both blood and abscess material. A high level of clinical suspicion of endocarditis is important in all cases of bacteremic pneumococcal illness; patients with such an illness and back pain may harbor potentially catastrophic epidural abscesses.
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PMID:Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis presenting as an epidural abscess. 270 29

We reviewed the clinical and laboratory presentation of Haemophilus species bacteremia at our institution, with special attention to predisposing and prognostic factors. Of 36 cases, 18 presented with pneumonia, 1 with cellulitis, and another with sinusitis. No cases of meningitis or endocarditis were detected. Most episodes were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, and the overall response rate to treatment was 72%. Factors including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alcoholism, prior splenectomy, and neutropenia did not play an important role in these patients' infections. Most of the isolates serotyped were found to be nontypable. The occurrence of ampicillin resistance was 6% throughout the study. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and second-generation cephalosporins were all effective therapeutic regimens. Bacteremia due to Haemophilus species remains an uncommon infection in patients with cancer, despite the predominance of traditional predisposing factors.
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PMID:Haemophilus species bacteremia in patients with cancer. A 13-year experience. 273 Feb 52

Macrolides are active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella spp. and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the main causes of community-acquired pneumonia They may therefore be used for the empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, although emergent resistance in Str. pneumoniae limits their use in some parts of the world. In patients with bronchitis the use of macrolides reduces the severity and duration of symptoms. Macrolides have also been used successfully in the treatment of otitis media and sinusitis; combination with sulphonamides may be desirable. They may be effective in eradicating the carrier state of Str. pyogenes, Bordetella pertussis, Corynebacterium diptheriae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Macrolides provide alternative therapy for the prophylaxis of recurrent acute rheumatic fever and of infective endocarditis after dental treatment. The cure rate with macrolides of streptococcal skin infections and of minor staphylococcal infections is equal to that achieved with penicillins. In diarrhoea due to Campylobacter jejuni, the administration of macrolides shortens the duration of the faecal excretion of organisms and may give clinical improvement in severe disease. Macrolides are the drugs of choice for infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy and for Haemophilus ducreyi infections. They are effective alternative therapy to benzylpenicillin for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum infections.
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PMID:The clinical use of macrolides. 305 68

The antibacterial efficacy of some of the newer quinolone antimicrobial agents in general, and ciprofloxacin in particular, in animal models of experimental septic arthritis, burn wound sepsis, empyema, chronic gastroenteritis, granuloma pouch infection, intraabdominal abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, and severe septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is reviewed. In addition, the efficacy of these newer quinolones has been studied in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and a variety of other systemic infections. Although certain limitations are associated with animal models of infection, properly performed studies clearly have the potential to provide guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of some infections in humans.
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PMID:Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection. 355 64

Curvularia lunata is a saprobic dematiaceous mould that resides primarily in soil (Ellis, 1966). Reports of human disease caused by this organism are rare but include: endocarditis, brain abscess, skin infections, onychomycosis, keratitis, pneumonia, disseminated disease, mycetoma, allergic bronchopulmonary disease, and one case of sinusitis. Since 1983, we have encountered five cases of paranasal sinusitis due to C. lunata. None of the patients suffered from known immunologic disorders or underlying debilitating diseases. These five cases are presented and the literature of human phaeohyphomycosis caused by Curvularia spp. is reviewed.
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PMID:Human Curvularia infections. Report of five cases and review of the literature. 380 44

Branhamella catarrhalis--a Gram-negative diplococcus--differs biochemically from other Neisseriaceae and possesses a specific protein with antigenic properties. Although scattered cases of meningitis and endocarditis have been reported since 1907, B. catarrhalis has been considered a non-pathogenic, pharyngeal commensal. However, relatively recent reports have shown B. catarrhalis to play a significant role in the etiology of otitis media and bronchopulmonary infections. Some reports also indicate a pathogenic role in sinusitis and longstanding cough in children, and in acute laryngitis in adults. B. catarrhalis is susceptible to co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, cephalosporins and tetracyclines. Most strains are also susceptible to penicillin, but the frequency of beta-lactamase producing B. catarrhalis has increased from 4% to 25% during the last six years (Sweden). First choice antibiotics in infections with penicillin-resistant strains would be erythromycin and co-trimoxazole.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of Branhamella catarrhalis. 633 74

Neisseriae other than N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae are common upper respiratory commensals, but rarely cause disease. A case of N. sicca bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient is reported, and the literature dealing with infections attributed to these usually nonpathogenic organisms is reviewed. These neisseriae have been shown to cause meningitis, endocarditis, sepsis, and some cases of pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis; however, their pathogenicity is doubtful in many of the reported cases of urethritis, cervicitis, and upper respiratory infection. They are not uniformly sensitive to the penicillins, so therapy should be guided by the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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PMID:Are the "nonpathogenic" Neisseriae pathogenic? 701 24

A review of the hospital records of 71 patients from whose blood viridans streptococci were isolated showed that in 13 cases the patient's illness was definitely related to the bacteremia: 4 patients had endocarditis, 3 had pneumonia, 2 had peritonitis and 1 each had meningitis, a scalp wound infection, sinusitis and otitis media. The bacteremia may have contributed to the two deaths among these 13 patients. In 45 cases the viridans streptococci may have contributed to the patient's illness: 15 patients had an infection of the lower respiratory tract and 7 an infection of the upper respiratory tract, 8 were neonates with suspected septicemia, 3 had soft tissue infections, 3 had leukemia and sepsis, and 9 had miscellaneous infections; the bacteremia was unrelated to the two deaths in this group. In another 13 cases the viridans streptococci could not be related to the patient's illness. The species most frequently isolated were Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguis II and S. MG-intermedius. The outcome of the bacteremia was generally good, even among the 11 patients not treated with antibiotics. When viridans streptococci are cultured from a single blood sample, further samples of blood and, if feasible, specimens from the associated focus of infection should be obtained for culture; further blood cultures are especially important in cases of suspected endocarditis.
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PMID:Bacteremia caused by viridans streptococci in 71 children. 733 84

We describe a neonate with congenital heart disease in whom a sternal wound infection caused by the filamentous fungus Curvularia lunata developed following cardiac surgery. Despite their widespread distribution in the environment, Curvularia species rarely cause human infection. We also review the 43 cases of curvularia infection previously reported in the English-language literature; only four of these cases occurred in children. A wide spectrum of infections--including keratitis, cutaneous infections, sinusitis, allergic bronchopulmonary disease, pneumonia, chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related infections, endocarditis and disseminated infections--have been described. Curvularia is a pathogen that can cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, although more severe and disseminated disease occurs in patients with defective immune function. Surgery alone usually is successful for treating locally invasive disease, although a combination of medical and surgical therapy is necessary for treating disseminated infections.
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PMID:Fungal sternal wound infection due to Curvularia lunata in a neonate with congenital heart disease: case report and review. 780 40


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