Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 70% of whom were intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), were seen over a 20-month period (July 1, 1981, through Feb 28, 1983). Most of the patients came from two inner-city sections of New York City and from nearby correctional facilities. Eighty-five percent of the patients were black or Hispanic; only 15% were white. Unique features of AIDS in this mostly heterosexual population were the high incidence of opportunistic infections (90% of the patients), the low incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (10%), and the high mortality rate (34% died during initial hospitalization, 74% after one year of follow-up). Tuberculosis occurred in 10% of cases, preceding other opportunistic infections by four to 24 months. We found that AIDS was a common disease among inpatient IVDAs, and in one of the participating hospitals, its incidence was similar to that of infective endocarditis. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should be considered as the underlying illness in all IVDAs with oral thrush, shortness of breath, pneumonia, or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in an economically disadvantaged population. 387 29

Fifty patients in stage IV of HIV infection (including 41 AIDS patients) were prospectively studied by echocardiography. Thirteen of them showed abnormalities: 4 had pericardial effusion, 1 endocarditis, 7 myocardial disorders and 1 primary pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pericardial effusion, also present in patients who had pleuropulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma, was not specific. Myocardial disorders concerned the diastolic function in 1 case, the segmental kinetics in 2 cases and the whole systolic function in 4 cases (3 had congestive myocardiopathy and 1 had transient systole alteration without left ventricular dilatation). The mechanism of global left ventricular disorders was multifactorial, and several hypotheses were discussed: infectious myocarditis, adrenergic or nutritional deficiency myocarditis, cardiotoxicity of antiviral drugs, common pathology with HIV encephalopathy. The prognosis of congestive myocardiopathy was poor in AIDS patients and undetermined in stage IV non-AIDS patients. Echocardiography is capable of detecting these lesions, and its use may contribute to a better care of these patients.
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PMID:[Echocardiographic abnormalities in the stage IV of HIV infection]. 851 Nov 25

OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the cardiac abnormalities and their evolution during the course of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as well as to correlate clinical and pathological data. METHODS - Twenty-one patients, admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, were prospectively studied and followed until their death. Age ranged from 19 to 42 years (17 males). ECG and echocardiogram were also obtained every six months. After death, macro- and microscopic examinations were also performed. RESULTS - The most frequent causes of referral to the hospital were: diarrhea or repeated pneumonias, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis or Kaposi sarcoma. The most frequent findings were acute or chronic pericarditis (42%) and dilated cardiomyopathy (19%). Four patients died of cardiac problems: infective endocarditis, pericarditis with pericardial effusion, bacterial myocarditis and infection by Toxoplasma gondii. CONCLUSION - Severe cardiac abnormalities were the cause of death in some patients. In the majority of the patients, a good correlation existed between clinical and anatomical-pathological data. Cardiac evaluation was important to detect early manifestations and treat them accordingly, even in asymptomatic patients.
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PMID:Cardiac abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A prospective study with a clinical-pathological correlation in twenty-one adult patients. 1075 83

Two species of the gram-negative bacilli Bartonella, B. henselae and B. quintana, cause disease in HIV-infected patients. If untreated, infection can be fatal. Manifestations include bacillary angiomatosis (BA), bacillary peliosis hepatis (BP), bacteremia, or a combination of these. BA and BP present as lesions, but bacteremia may be subacute and persist for months without diagnosis. Additionally, patients may acquire cat scratch disease (CSD), but this is more common in immunocompetent patients. BA lesions are usually vascular, friable, and bleed profusely when traumatized. They may be confused with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), pyogenic granuloma, lymphoma and various subcutaneous tumors and infections. Lesions may affect almost any organ, and appear as angiomatous papules, dry scaling lesions, subcutaneous nodules, cellulitic plaques or deep, highly vascularized, soft tissue masses. Patients may have osseus BA lesions (frequently affecting the long bones); hepatic and/or splenic lesions; bacteremia; or endocarditis. To diagnose infection, lesions should be biopsied and examined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining reveal histopathologic changes; darkly staining organisms are evident after Warthin-Starry silver staining; and electron microscopy allows visualization of the bacillus. An indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA) detects bartonella-specific IgG antibodies. Treatment with erythromycin for at least three months is recommended, or with doxycycline if erythromycin is not well-tolerated. Severely ill patients should receive IV doxycycline with either gentamicin or rifampin for at least four months. To prevent infection, HIV-infected people should avoid traumatic cat contact and exposure to the body louse.
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PMID:Bartonella-associated infections in HIV-infected patients. 1136 39

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is greatly increased in the HIV-infected population compared with people of the same age without HIV. Cardiovascular manifestations of HIV/AIDS include, but are not limited to, accelerated atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, vasculitis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pericardial diseases, malignancy (myocardial Kaposi sarcoma and B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma), and endocarditis. Drug effects and interactions that challenge the cardiovascular system are even more prevalent in this population, and careful review and surveillance of medication effects is crucial as is careful selection of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A focused assessment and understanding of disease prevalence and presentation is needed as symptoms may be non-specific and cardiovascular physical examination findings indeterminate due to co-morbid conditions in the patient population now living with chronic HIV infection.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease and therapeutic drug-related cardiovascular consequences in HIV-infected patients. 2214 17