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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 110 patients with dermatomyositis cardiovascular pathology was found in 77, and only in 37 of them it was attributable to the underlying pathology. In all of these patients myocardial lesions were found, that manifested themselves most frequently by non-specific ECG changes. Cardiac insufficiency and arrhythmias were revealed less frequently, mainly during exacerbations of the pathological process. Only in one patient endocarditis was diagnosed, and in two others elements of chronic cor pulmonale due to pneumonitis. In 18 patients signs of moderate myocardial dystrophy developed after a long-term therapy with corticosteroid hormones. A study of the central haemodynamics in 20 patients with dermatomyositis revealed a tendency towards a hyperkinetic state of the circulation in those patients who had the most sereve muscle syndrome. Angioscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva revealed the changes that persisted even during the remission period, achieved by means of active steroid therapy.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular pathology in dermatomyositis]. 115 33

The pathologic findings in 13 cases of staphylococcal disease in New Zealand white rabbits were described. Subcutaneous abscesses and embolic pyemic abscesses in kidney, heart, brain, and lung were found. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and fibrinous pneumonia also occurred. One rabbit had a valvular endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-positive, and fermenting mannitol were isolated from the lesions described. Staphylococcal disease was diagnosed in 13 of the 171 (7.6%) rabbits necropsied during a 3-yr period. Disseminated staphylococcal lesions were observed only in rabbits during this time.
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PMID:Disseminated staphylococcal disease in laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 126 32

A total 782 consecutive patients underwent open-heart surgery with CPB between January, 1979 and December, 1988, at the Yamagata University Hospital. We assessed the incidence of postoperative infections in relation to age, the duration of surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis, and examined the causative organisms, after which the types of infecting flora were compared between the 1st period, from 1979 to 1983 and the 2nd period, from 1984 to 1988. Postoperative infection occurred in 104 of the 782 patients (13.3 per cent); in the form of a wound infection in 41 (5.2 per cent), pneumonia in 33 (4.2 per cent), urinary tract infection in 9 (1.2 per cent), prosthetic valve endocarditis in 6 (0.8 per cent), and other infections in 15 (1.9 per cent). Patients aged under 12 months or over 60 years showed a higher incidence of infection, being 17.4 per cent and 19.2 per cent, respectively. Patients who underwent an operation of over 8 hours duration also had a significantly higher incidence compared to those whose operation time was less than 4 hours, being 32.9 per cent and 6.3 per cent, respectively (p less than 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection between patients given or not given preoperative prophylaxis. A total 123 species of organisms were isolated from the 104 patients, 52.8 per cent being gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and 43.9 per cent gram-positive bacteria (GPB), and a remarkable increase in the incidence of GPB was seen in the 2nd period compared to the 1st period from 31.7 per cent to 50.0 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A clinical study of postoperative infections following open-heart surgery: occurrence and microbiological findings in 782 cases. 139 23

In 4 adult black patients admitted to an urban general hospital with community-acquired pneumonia, Streptococcus viridans alone was isolated from blood culture (first subculture), in the absence of any other positive microbiological finding. Sputum examination by Gram staining and culture in 3 cases was reported as negative. Echocardiography was performed in 3 cases and was normal, without evidence of endocarditis. The clinical course of illness in the 4 patients is described. The chest radiograph showed a segmental or subsegmental consolidation in all cases; this appeared 'mass-like' in 2 patients. Viridans streptococci may be a more important, if still uncommon, cause of community-acquired pneumonia than previously suspected. The organism should be considered as a possible cause of chest infection, particularly in patients with appropriately positive blood cultures and no other positive microbiological finding.
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PMID:Does primary Streptococcus viridans pneumonia exist? 146 96

To estimate the impact of intravenous drug use (IVDU) on mortality in the general population of young adults in Rome, Italy, the Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was calculated for the overall and cause-specific mortality in the 15-34 years age group. Relative risks were derived from a previous historical cohort study on mortality among 4200 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in Rome, in which increased mortality from cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases as well as from violence, overdose and AIDS had been observed. The prevalence of the risk factor (i.e. the proportion of IVDUs) in the general population was estimated using the 'multiplier formula' and 'capture-recapture' methods. The proportion of all deaths attributable to IVDU in the 15-34 age group in the Roman population was 16% and 9% in males and females, respectively. The cause-specific attributable proportions were 66% for endocarditis and 37% for cirrhosis in males, and 36% for endocarditis and pneumonia in females. These findings further document the relevant health consequences of IVDU on the general population of a large metropolitan area.
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PMID:The impact of intravenous drug use on mortality of young adults in Rome, Italy. 149 77

This study examines a population of inner-city crack cocaine users in Miami, Florida. Many study participants were also injection drug users; others were the sexual partners of injection drug users. In general, the self-reported health status of the study population was good, but men perceived their health in a more positive light than did women. HIV-seronegative men were most likely to report excellent or good health, and seropositive women reported the greatest incidence of poor health, regardless of the amount of crack use. Serostatus was statistically significant for women but not for men. Pneumonia was reported more frequently by women, while hepatitis and tuberculosis were reported more frequently by men. There was a significant gender difference in reported endocarditis among light users of crack, with more women that men reporting a history of endocarditis. Among sexually transmitted diseases, men reported more gonorrhea and women reported more syphilis. These gender differences were statistically significant only for heavy users of crack. A gender difference was evident in the HIV seropositivity rates, with 25.7% of men and 32.2% of women testing positive for antibodies to HIV. While this difference held true when frequency of crack use was controlled, the difference was not statistically significant. Women were significantly more likely than men to trade sex for drugs and/or money. Women who were heavy crack users traded most often and would be expected to be at correspondingly increased risk for HIV infection or transmission.
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PMID:A gender comparison of health status among users of crack cocaine. 149 Dec 88

Endocarditis by Aspergillus species in patients without prior cardiovascular surgery is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. We report and discuss a 69-year-old patient with hairy cell leukemia who developed severe bilateral pneumonia and metastatic subcutaneous nodules from which A. fumigatus was cultured. He died after 18 days of treatment with an adequate dose (0.7 mg/kg/day) of amphotericin B intravenously. Fungal endocarditis and a myocardial infarction due to a septic thrombotic occlusion of the left coronary artery by A. fumigatus appeared to be the cause of death. A. fumigatus could still be cultured from the aortic valve postmortem despite a total dose of 756 mg amphotericin B. In case of metastatic spread of Aspergillus spp., endocarditis should be suspected.
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PMID:Aspergillus fumigatus, a rare cause of fatal coronary artery occlusion. 156 13

This report reviews 45 episodes of group A streptococcal bacteremia during 1980-1989 in a large hospital; 24 episodes occurred in the first 5 years of study (1980-1984) and 21 in the last 5 years (1985-1989). Four episodes were nosocomial. The remaining 41 episodes were community acquired; of these episodes, 12 occurred in patients who were transferred from nursing homes. There was a definite seasonal predominance (84%) during November-June. All but three patients had chronic underlying conditions. The major portals of entry were the skin and lungs, and the main types of infection were primary septicemia, cellulitis and soft-tissue infection, pneumonia, and infective endocarditis. The overall mortality rate was 24%; 20% of the deaths were due to infection. Factors that adversely influenced mortality were septic shock (P less than .02), less than 10,000/mm3 leukocytes (P less than .05); less than 80% segmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes and band forms (P less than .02), and hyperbilirubinemia (P less than .01). Neither prevalence nor severity of group A streptococcal bacteremia increased during the last 5 years of study.
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PMID:Group A streptococcal bacteremia in a community teaching hospital--1980-1989. 157 44

Group-C beta-hemolytic streptococci (GCBHS) is an uncommon cause of bacteremia. In a 5-year period, GCBHS accounted for 0.28% of positive blood cultures and 0.35% of bacteremias documented at our hospital. The incidence of GCBHS bacteremia was 0.05 episodes per 1000 admissions. We were able to analyze clinical data of 10 of the 13 patients with GCBHS bacteremias. All but one were adults with significant underlying diseases, and seven episodes were community acquired. The skin was the portal of entry in only one case. Clinical syndromes included primary bacteremia (four cases), pneumonia (two cases), endocarditis (two cases), and meningitis, intraabdominal infection, and metastatic suppurative pericarditis (one episode each). Of 13 isolates, 12 were identified to species level: six, Streptococcus equisimilis; three S. equi; two S. dysgalactiae; and one S. zooepidemicus. Resistance to penicillin was detected in one isolate and none of our isolates displayed penicillin tolerance, Four patients died (40%) despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:Group-C beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia. 157 40

Broad spectrum cephalosporins have been studied extensively in animal models of experimental infections. There is generally good correlation between the results of therapy of experimental infections and clinical trials in humans. However, the results of animal model studies are better predictors of the failure than of the success of a chemotherapeutic regimen. Cefotaxime and the new 'fourth' generation agent, cefpirome, were comparable in the treatment of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cefpirome was the most effective cephalosporin as therapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus experimental endocarditis. The most effective broad spectrum cephalosporins for the treatment of Gram-negative experimental pneumonia were cefpirome, cefotaxime and cefodizime. Cefpirome was equivalent to ceftazidime or cefazolin as treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or methicillin-susceptible S. aureus experimental osteomyelitis. Because of its potent activity in vitro and in animal models of experimental infections caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and Gram-negative bacilli, cefpirome may offer a therapeutic advantage over currently available broad spectrum cephalosporins.
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PMID:Animal models as predictors of outcome of therapy with broad spectrum cephalosporins. 160 55


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