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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although cerebral angiography should be approached with caution in the diagnosis of inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease there are some characteristic angiographic findings which may be helpful for classification and differential diagnosis. The proximal cerebral arteries are favourably affected by basal meningitis and thrombangiitis obliterans with resulting stenoses and occlusions. Whereas those inflammations originating from neighbouring skull structures mostly involve the intracavernous parts of the carotid artery, the tuberculous and mycotic arteritis prefer the supraclinoid carotid siphon. Peripheral vascular changes are found in luetic endangiitis, necrotizing and toxic angiitis and in collagenoses. Simultaneous involvement of the temporal arteries is of great diagnostic importance demonstrating the systemic character of the inflammatory process; in Horton's arteritis it can be a pathognomonic finding. Infectious endocarditis, some mycoses and malaria may lead to embolic occlusion of cerebral vessels. Mycotic aneurysms mostly have a broad base or a fusiform shape and do not prefer the localizations of congenital aneurysms. Angiographically, abscesses, tuberculomas and viral encephalitis may result in circumscribed hypervascularized areas. The characteristic angiographic findings are exemplified and discussed on the basis of 8 cases of inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease (tuberculosis, pneumococcal and unspecific bacterial meningitis, syphilis, mycosis, Takayasu-syndrome, panarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis).
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PMID:[Inflammatory cerebro-vascular disease: angiographic findings and distribution patterns (author's transl)]. 0 27

As long as the illicit use of heroin and other drugs continues in our society, infective endocarditis will remain a significant medical problem in the drug-using population. The majority of infections are produced by S. aureus, and the tricuspid valve is most commonly involved. Addicts, unlike the general population, may also develop endocarditis with a variety of gram-negative bacilli and have a higher incidence of fungal infection. The outcome of each individual infection is dependent on the prompt recognition of the underlying valvular infection and the institution of antimicrobial therapy. Infection of the tricuspid valve has a much more favorable prognosis than does infection of the aortic or mitral valves. Fungal endocarditis, and frequently gram-negative bacillary endocarditis, require valvular surgery to effect a cure.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis in the narcotic addict. 11 17

Data on mycoses known to be imported into the United Kingdom are sparse. Estimates on the prevalence of fungal infections have to be based on indirect and incomplete figures, obtained from isolation figures and reports of individual cases to co-ordinating centres such as the Mycological Reference Laboratory and the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre of the Public Health Laboratory Service. Imported species of dermatophytes account for less than 1% of the total number of isolations made annually at mycological laboratories throughout the U.K. A suggested prevalence of dermatophytosis in this country is c. 250 000 cases per annum. Trichophyton rubrum may now be the most common species of dermatophyte. Other estimates of the frequencies with which infections are recorded each year include mycetoma (7-10), histoplasmosis (2-5), aspergilloma (50-80), invasive aspergillosis (10-30), Candida vaginitis (greater than or equal to 1 000 000), invasive candidiasis (10-80), Candida endocarditis (1-2) and cryptococcosis (6-10).
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PMID:Imported fungal infections. 52 46

Selected examples are cited to show that, even today, autopsy can provide the clinician with essential information. The most important task of clinical autopsy is analysis of the individual case and correlation between clinical and autopsy findings. The discrepancies that may arise here are illustrated by cases of endocarditis. Spontaneous or therapeutic alterations of disease forms can only be established by autopsy, as is exemplified by indigenous systemic mycoses. The part autopsy can play in the analysis of new disease entities is illustrated in the case of analgesic nephropathy. From this it emerges that autopsy serves not only to establich terminal states but also the early stages. The example of malignant tumors which eluded clinical diagnosis is cited to demonstrate the value of autopsy statistics. In conclusion, an appeal is made for more intensive cooperation between clinician and pathologist and wider use of modern methods in the evaluation of autopsies.
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PMID:[The significance of the clinical autopsy from the viewpoint of the pathologist]. 88 66

Homograft aortic valve replacement was done in 103 patients and prosthetic aortic valve replacement in 106 between January 1962 and December 1973. Patients who received homograft and prosthetic valves were compared with respect to age, sex, preoperative functional impairment, infection, dyspnea, angina, hemodynamics, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, associated operations, early and late mortality, and valve failure. Combined total mortality was 28% (12% operative, 8% first postoperative year, 8% late). Ten percent of valve required replacement. One year after operation, 70% of survivors were asymptomatic, 27% were improved, and 3% were unchanged or between homograft and prosthetic valve replacement. Valve-related failure and infections were more common after homograft aortic valve replacement. Emboli, hemorrhage, and hemolysis were commoner after prosthetic valve replacement. Fungal infections occurred in five homograft patients but in no patient with a prosthetic aortic valve. Severe properative symptoms or recent endocarditis was associated with greater mortality and valve failure in both the homograft and the prosthetic series. Increased mortality and failure was also seen in patients with either preoperative aortic regurgitation with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and low cardiac index, or aortic stenosis with cardiomegaly or roentgenographic evidence of congestive heart failure. Therefore, in two series of patients at equal risk, mortality and valve failure were similar for homograft and prosthetic aortic valve replacement.
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PMID:Homograft and prosthetic aortic valve replacement: a comparative study. 99 28

Four patients with heart valve prostheses developed Candidate endocarditis. At autopsy the foci of infection were confined to patches of neoendocardium that appeared to have developed as ingrowths of host endocardium onto the sewing cloth of the artificial valve. This suggested that one mechanism of fungal infection is related to the presence of the neoendocardium rather than to the cloth or metallic substances of the valve itself. Future studies might be directed toward inhibiting the development of the neoendocardium or to agents preventing its susceptibility to infection.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of fungal infection on heart valve prosthesis. 118 94

Three Torulopsis have been isolated from two hundred or so dental granulomas. Torulopsis glabrata has been observed in cases of ophthalmopathy, infections of the oral cavity, lung infections, endocarditis and septicaemia. Apical lesions due to Torulopsis glabrata are not typical of mycosis but are generic of dental granulomas. The histological granulomatous character prevails. Experimental infections have been obtained from this fungus. Human infections by Torulopsis glabrata have been described. These infections are induced particularly in subjects with their immunity systems depressed by prolonged cortisone therapy. Their systematic position and morphology in optical microscopy have been examined in accordance with current views.
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PMID:[The first isolation of Torulopsis glabrata (Anderson) Lodder from dental granulomas]. 129 91

Fungal infections may account for 5-50% of serious infections in intravenous drug users, and for 5-50 per 100,000 hospital admissions. The fungi most commonly encountered are Candida and Aspergillus spp. Candidosis may be disseminated, with lesions in superficial structures, the eye and the skeletal system, or limited to the eye, the heart (as endocarditis) or the central nervous system. Aspergillosis usually presents as endophthalmitis or as central nervous system infection. Mucormycosis is also met with occasionally, and various fungi may cause endophthalmitis or endocarditis. Antifungal therapy for intravenous drug use-related infections is no different from that for similar mycoses in other patients, but the management of intravenous drug users requires considerable clinical skill.
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PMID:Fungal infections in drug users. 193 9

The authors report a case of Candida parapsilosis endocarditis in a non-drug-addicted young patient who, 6 months before the manifestation of endocarditis, was submitted to cardiac surgery. This is the first report from Greece and the second found in the accessible literature.
Mycoses
PMID:A case of Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. 209 37

A crack cocaine abuser developed disseminated infection caused by a species of Conidiobolus not known to cause disease in vertebrates. The fungus gained entry via skin abrasions on the lower extremities, spread through the hematogenous route, and caused endocarditis. There was evidence of fungal infection in the lungs, heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and brain. An additional complication was extensive rhabdomyolysis, with a marked elevation of creatine kinase of up to 1.2 million U/L.
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PMID:Disseminated Conidiobolus infection with endocarditis in a cocaine abuser. 225 25


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