Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corynebacterium bovis is a gram-positive rod which can cause bovine mastitis and rancidity in cream. On only one occasion has this organism been reported to cause human disease. Six further cases are described in which infections were caused by C. bovis. In two patients the nervous system was involved; two patients had bacterial endocarditis; one had chronic otitis media; and one had a persistent leg ulcer. Five patients recovered completely from the infection; the other died from endocarditis.
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PMID:Corynebacterium bovis as a cause of human disease. 7 96

An outbreak of infection due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Lancefield Group C) is described. At least 11 patients were affected and the infection was responsible for, or contributed to, the deaths of seven of these. Clinical features included septicaemia, meningitis and endocarditis. The source of infection was unpasteurized milk from a dairy herd with mild intermittent mastitis.
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PMID:A milk-borne outbreak of serious infection due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Lancefield Group C). 340 48

Encapsulation is thought to be a critical virulence factor in streptococci of serological group B. In the present study two encapsulated low-density variants could be separated from their unencapsulated original strains by Percoll gradient centrifugation. The original strains had been isolated from human endocarditis and bovine mastitis. Type antigen preparations of the encapsulated human and bovine group B streptococcus reacted with type III- and type IV-specific antiserum, respectively. No comparable reactions could be observed with their unencapsulated parent strains. In contrast to the original strains, the encapsulated variants grew with uniform turbidity in fluid medium and formed diffuse colonies in soft agar. The original strains grew as granular sediment and formed compact colonies in soft agar. In addition, the original strains appeared to have a more hydrophobic surface and showed significantly greater adherence to epithelial cells. In contrast to the nonencapsulated parent strains, the encapsulated variants were less phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These findings may help our understanding of the pathogenic importance of phase variants in infections with this bacterial organism.
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PMID:Phase variation in streptococci of serological group B. Characteristic properties of isolates from human and bovine infection. 788 61

A sensitive rat endocarditis model which employed relatively small inocula (< or = 10(4) cfu) was used to examine the role of coagulase in the pathogenesis of infection. Rats with indwelling, intracardiac catheters were challenged intravenously with three strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The virulence of a coagulase-positive parental strain DU5808 was compared in terms of its ID50 for resected vegetations and catheters to that of two coagulase-negative mutant strains (DU5809 and DU5814) which had undergone site-specific mutagenesis. Confidence intervals of infection rates were calculated and comparisons were performed of weights of infected vegetations, bacterial concentrations in vegetations and early mortality rates. From these virulence parameters, it was concluded that there were no differences in virulence among the three strains. The results from this investigation support the previous findings in mouse models of subcutaneous infection and mastitis, which indicated that coagulase production by S. aureus does not appear to function as a virulence factor. Together, these data refute the longheld belief that coagulase is important in the pathogenesis of infection and indicate that other markers of virulence must be operative in diseases caused by the enduring pathogen S. aureus.
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PMID:Virulence of coagulase-deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental endocarditis. 793 18

Clinical application of vancomycin in 24 patients produced a response in 83.3% of the patients. The drug was active against pneumococcal pneumonia, bronchitis, staphylococcal endocarditis and mastitis. Positive pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug allows introduction of the antibiotic 1-2 times daily.
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PMID:[The clinico-bacteriological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of vancomycin in clinical practice]. 810 3

We describe two unusual cases in sheep of subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus parasanguinis. This bacterium has been associated with the development of experimental endocarditis; its presence at relatively high concentrations in apparently healthy sheep milk may pose a health risk in persons with predisposing heart lesions.
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PMID:Streptococcus parasanguinis: new pathogen associated with asymptomatic mastitis in sheep. 986 43

Mankind has a long history of body decoration and body piercing has now reached epidemic popularity within a large proportion of the population. Complications such as bleeding and local infection are common, but severe infections like septicaemia, endocarditis and transmission of hepatitis may occur. We describe a 39 year old man with genital piercing who spent 43 days hospitalized because of Foumier's gangrene with necrotizing fascitis starting in the genital tract and perineum. He developed septicaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A young woman with breast implants got severe mastitis after piercing her mamills. People with immunodeficiency, heart valve abnormality and present or future artificial prosthesis or skin disease should be discouraged from piercing. Since many disorders are not diagnosed when the piercing takes place, general restriction is recommended. Medical risks and consequences of piercing, especially of mucosal surfaces and cartilage, should not be underestimated.
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PMID:[The risk of severe complications of body piercing should not be underestimated]. 1620 Sep 2

Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as Group B streptococcus (GBS), was originally discovered as a cause of bovine mastitis. GBS colonizes the genital tract of up to 40% of women and has become a major pathogen in neonatal meningitis. GBS endocarditis is thought to be an uncommon manifestation of this infection and carries a higher mortality compared to other streptococcal pathogens. Studies have shown that endocarditis after abortion has an incidence of about one per million. However, this figure was published prior to routine use of echocardiography for diagnosis. The American Heart Association has recently declared transesophageal echocardiography the gold standard for endocarditis diagnosis. This case report illustrates that, given the potentially devastating consequences of endocarditis, there is a need for updated studies to adequately assess the true incidence of this infection. Pending the outcome of these studies, routine GBS screening and prophylactic antibiotics prior to abortion should be recommended.
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PMID:Tricuspid valve endocarditis with Group B Streptococcus after an elective abortion: the need for new data. 1748 2

Lactococcus garvieae is considered an emergent pathogen in aquaculture and it is also associated with mastitis in domestic animals as well as human endocarditis and septicaemia. In spite of this, the pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium are poorly understood. Signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify virulence factors and to establish the basis of pathogen-host interactions. A library of 1250 L. garvieae UNIUD074-tagged Tn917 mutants in 25 pools was screened for the ability to grow in fish. Among them, 29 mutants (approx. 2.4 %) were identified which could not be recovered from rainbow trout following infection. Sequence analysis of the tagged Tn917-interrupted genes in these mutants indicated the participation in pathogenesis of the transcriptional regulatory proteins homologous to GidA and MerR; the metabolic enzymes asparagine synthetase A and alpha-acetolactate synthase; the ABC transport system of glutamine and a calcium-transporting ATPase; the dltA locus involved in alanylation of teichoic acids; and hypothetical proteins containing EAL and Eis domains, among others. Competence index experiments in several of the selected mutants confirmed the relevance of the Tn917-interrupted genes in the development of the infection process. The results suggested some of the metabolic routes and enzymic systems necessary for the complete virulence of this bacterium. This work is believed to represent the first report of a genome-wide scan for virulence factors in L. garvieae. The identified genes will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of L. garvieae infections and may provide targets for intervention or lead to the development of novel therapies.
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PMID:Genes required for Lactococcus garvieae survival in a fish host. 1790 28

SraP, a platelet-binding surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus, is involved in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. In this study, we investigated the importance of SraP in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis. By means of PCR, sraP was detected in all the isolates tested from bovine bulk milk and humans. However, SraP was not expressed on the cell surface in half of the bovine isolates. Moreover, disruption of sraP did not affect the ability of S. aureus to adhere to cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells. These results suggest that SraP does not seem to be an important factor for S. aureus to adhere to the bovine mammary epithelia.
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PMID:Role of SraP in adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to the bovine mammary epithelia. 1868 50


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