Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are now many assays for the quantification of circulating immune complexes, each with distinct specificity and sensitivity. In a wide variety of rheumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic conditions, levels of circulating immune complexes may be elevated. In select situations, determination of circulating immune complex levels may help clinicians in the management of their patients. In lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complex levels, in conjunction with other immune parameters, may provide more insight into the disease course and activity than assessment of end organ parameters alone. In the differential diagnosis of infective endocarditis, serial levels of circulating immune complexes may provide evidence of effectiveness or failure of treatment. There is evidence that assays for circulating immune complexes may be of potential benefit in the management of Lyme disease and acute myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Clinical utility of assays for circulating immune complexes. 390 73

Use of SM-4300, which is a newly developed human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration, has clinically been evaluated in the patients with severe or intractable bacterial infections. Of total 13 cases of the admitted patients at the 1st department of internal medicine, faculty of medicine, Kyushu university, 10-pneumonia case were associated with blood diseases like acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM), and in addition, with other underlying diseases like lung cancer and bronchiectasis, 1 was prosthetic valve endocarditis, 1 cholecystitis associated with pericarditis and 1 fever of undetermined origin (FUO). SM-4300 of 5 g single bolus or 3 daily doses of 2.5 g per day were infused with chemotherapy drugs preceedingly administered for more than 3 days and the results were evaluated; good in 4, fair 4, poor 2 and unknown 3, and the efficacy rate was 40%. Bacteriologically, the results were decreased in 1, persisted 1 and the majority was unknown. Observed were no side reactions nor the changes in clinical examination variables incurred by this drug. It is therefore considered that SM-4300 is of use for the treatment of intractable bacterial infections when used with antibiotics.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SM-4300]. 407 19

Pneumonia due to Rothia dentocariosa is extremely rare: only 1 case of pneumonia due to this pathogen has been reported in an immunocompromised patient with acute myelocytic leukemia. In this report, 2 new cases of Rothia dentocariosa pneumonia are described in 2 patients with lung cancer. This opportunistic pulmonary agent, belonging to the oro-pharyngeal flora, is also known to cause endocarditis in patients with underlying cardiac pathology.
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PMID:Rothia dentocariosa: two new cases of pneumonia revealing lung cancer. 936 Feb 60

Phialophora is a dematiaceous fungus isolated from soil and wood. Human infections including chromoblastomycosis, mycotic keratitis, cutaneous infections, and prosthetic valve endocarditis have been reported. We report a case of fatal hemorrhage due to Phialophora verrucosa in a patient with prolonged neutropenia undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Bacterial infections complicated induction and consolidation chemotherapies. Liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB) was given from day +33 to day +72 for febrile neutropenia. Death occurred on day +74 due to tracheal hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed granulation tissue on the posterior wall of the trachea with fungal hyphae on histopathology; the tissue grew Phialophora verrucosa. In vitro susceptibility studies revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration to AmB of 0.1 microg/ml. This represents the first reported case of invasive P. verrucosa in a BMT patient leading to fatal hemorrhage, despite large cumulative doses of LAMB to which the organism remained susceptible.
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PMID:Phialophora verrucosa infection in a BMT patient. 938 84

An 11-year-old boy underwent a matched unrelated bone marrow transplant for refractory acute myeloid leukemia. He developed invasive aspergillus pneumonia and endocarditis post-transplant. The fungal endocarditis was successfully eradicated with liposomal amphotericin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Surgical intervention was not required and no serious side effects of liposomal amphotericin were observed at this dose.
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PMID:Medical management of Aspergillus flavus endocarditis. 1091 55

We present here a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (M2) who developed fatal infective endocarditis. On admission, the patient (67-year-old male) had mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Complete remission was achieved after induction chemotherapy. During the course of consolidation therapy, he developed sepsis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus, which was successfully treated with antibiotics. Thereafter, blood culture yielded multidrug-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis. An echocardiogram revealed mitral valve regurgitation with vegetation. He was diagnosed as having infectious endocarditis. In spite of prolonged antibiotic therapy, destruction of the mitral valve progressed, and the patient underwent valve replacement therapy. He died of cardiac tamponade 5 days after the surgery.
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PMID:[Acute myeloid leukemia with infective endocarditis]. 1241 86

Endocarditis secondary to Aspergillus niger has not been described in a leukaemic patient. We describe a case of A. niger endocarditis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia and refractory fever. The microbiological cause of his endocarditis was initially misdiagnosed because he fulfilled the Duke criteria for enterococcal endocarditis. A polymerase chain reaction test utilizing pan-fungal primers detected a product from an Aspergillus sp. The DNA was subsequently sequenced and was found to have 100% homology with A. niger. A postmortem revealed fungal endocarditis secondary to disseminated aspergillosis, without evidence of bacterial endocarditis. The patient was found to have a lung aspergilloma that was possibly occupationally acquired, and may have been long standing.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction aids in the diagnosis of an unusual case of Aspergillus niger endocarditis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. 1455 61

Infections with rare pathogens are being recognized with increasing frequency in severely immunocompromised patients. As a result of these patients' underlying compromised defenses and susceptibility to atypical organisms, tissue biopsies from patients within this population may demonstrate nonclassical histopathological findings. Here, we describe an unusual granulomatous reaction to gram-positive cocci in the skin of a 52-year-old man undergoing salvage chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. The patient presented with a papular eruption on the arms, trunk, and face and fever; concomitant blood cultures were positive for Rothia mucilaginosa and Streptococcus salivarius. Histologic evaluation revealed a granulomatous dermatitis associated with numerous small, round, predominantly intracellular bacteria. Classically, cutaneous infiltrates associated with coccoid bacterial infections are suppurative and not granulomatous. The intracellular organisms stained positive for Gram, periodic acid-Schiff, and Grocott methenamine silver stains, suggestive of R. mucilaginosa. Rothia mucilaginosa, a component of the oral flora, was first reported as a human pathogen in 1978. Although the majority of cases in the literature have described R. mucilaginosa bacteremia, other reported manifestations include meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and peritonitis. To our knowledge, however, only 1 prior report has described a cutaneous manifestation of R. mucilaginosa septicemia, which occurred in a patient with neutropenia. This is the second reported case of an infectious granulomatous dermatitis associated with R. mucilaginosa bacteremia and raises awareness of this unusual histopathological presentation in the setting of a bacterial infection affecting the skin.
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PMID:Infectious granulomatous dermatitis associated with Rothia mucilaginosa bacteremia: A case report. 1994 Jul 46

A 12-year-old girl presented with an isolated cleft mitral valve complicated by infective endocarditis that was confined to the medial part of the cleft anterior leaflet. An innovative valve-sparing surgery was applied whereby the destroyed part of the leaflet was removed. The corresponding anterior annulus was plicated by approximation of the base of the cleft to the posteromedial commissure. The 'cleft' edge of AML was then sutured to the plicated annulus and to P3 at the level of the posteromedial commissure. The reconstructed valve was fully functional, and showed trivial regurgitation and an absence of stenosis for up to two years postoperatively.
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PMID:Valve-sparing surgery for isolated cleft mitral valve complicated by endocarditis in a child. 2140 5

Daptomycin is a branched cyclic anionic lipopeptide antibiotic that was discovered in the early 1980's but got the FDA approval only in 2003. This novel pharmaceutical molecule has demonstrated great in vitro activity against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Daptomycin has a unique mechanism of action, not completely understood, involving a calcium-dependent dissipation of membrane potential leading to the release of intracellular ions from the cell and bacteria death. This antibiotic has been already approved for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections, right-sided endocarditis and bacteraemia. Local delivery of daptomycin is an emerging area of study. Current in vitro studies show that daptomycin can be eluted from polymethylmethacrylate, calcium sulfate and chitosan films. Emerging cases of resistance to daptomycin have been reported, commonly occurring by spontaneous mutations, and have been associated with prolonged use, osteomyelitis, acute myeloid leukemia and leucocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome. This review examines the most recent literature evidences on daptomycin molecular structure, mechanism of action, bacterial spectrum, clinical uses, local delivery, toxicity and resistance.
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PMID:Daptomycin: a review of properties, clinical use, drug delivery and resistance. 2235 91


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