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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infectious endocarditis (IE) is an inflammatory disease of cardiac valves and endocardium of different origin. Subacute IE is a specific form of sepsis associated with the presence of the site of infection in the heart responsible for recurrent septicemia, embolism, and progressive changes in the immune system leading to nephritis, vasculitis, synovitis, and polyserositis. This form develops in response to a low-virulent pathogen (e.g.fungi) or as a result of inefficient antibacterial therapy. A patient is described presenting with fibrous body, aortic and mitral valve infection by the alga Prototheca wickerhamii associated with primary (myeloperoxidase) immunodeficiency. Recent data on diagnostics and treatment of subacute IE are presented.
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PMID:[Subacute infectious endocarditis of unusual etiology: peculiarities of diagnostics and treatment]. 2193 71

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that is responsible for the vast majority of bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in humans. S. aureus can also become more invasive and cause life-threatening infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, abscesses of various organs, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and sepsis. These infections represent a major public health threat due to the enormous numbers of these infections and the widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. MSRA is endemic in hospitals worldwide and is rapidly spreading throughout the normal human population in the community. The increasing frequency of MRSA infections has complicated treatment as these strains are more virulent and are increasingly becoming resistant to multiple different classes of antibiotics. The important role of the immune response against S. aureus infections cannot be overemphasized as humans with certain genetic and acquired immunodeficiency disorders are at an increased risk for infection. Understanding the cutaneous immune responses against S. aureus is essential as most of these infections occur or originate from a site of infection or colonization of the skin and mucosa. This review will summarize the innate immune responses against S. aureus skin infections, including antimicrobial peptides that have direct antimicrobial activity against S. aureus as well as pattern recognition receptors and proinflammatory cytokines that promote neutrophil abscess formation in the skin, which is required for bacterial clearance. Finally, we will discuss the recent discoveries involving IL-17-mediated responses, which provide a key link between cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses against S. aureus skin infections.
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PMID:Innate and adaptive immune responses against Staphylococcus aureus skin infections. 2205 87

Bacillus cereus is a rare cause of endocarditis, typically associated with intravenous drug abuse, rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, pacemakers, or immunodeficiency. We present the first case of native valve Bacillus cereus endocarditis with no apparent risk factors. The patient had a fulminant course requiring emergent valve replacement.
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PMID:Native valve Bacillus cereus endocarditis in a non-intravenous-drug-abusing patient. 2211 59

This report concerns a case of torsades de pointes (TdP) associated with the concomitant administration of methadone and voriconazole in a patient with comorbid medical conditions. A 57-year-old man, with a medical history of human immunodeficiency virus, infective endocarditis, hepatitis C and orbital Aspergillus infection, was admitted to the intensive care unit following several episodes of TdP. The patient was being treated with methadone for opioid addiction and had started taking voriconazole 2 weeks prior for orbital Aspergillosis. He experienced multiple episodes of TdP with a prolonged QTc interval (>600 ms). The pronounced inhibitory impact of voriconazole on methadone metabolism via the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6 isoenzyme was identified as a probable cause of the arrhythmia. Voriconazole was subsequently temporarily withheld and the methadone dose was significantly reduced. The patient received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, did not experience additional episodes of TdP during hospitalisation, and was discharged from the hospital on day 13.
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PMID:Torsades de pointes associated with methadone and voriconazole. 2219 Sep 85

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative bacterial species hosted in the oral cavity of dogs. C. canimorsus can cause sepsis, meningitis and endocarditis. Penicillin is the drug of choice. However, the species is a slow-grower and sometimes missed in blood cultures. Patients with a history of alcoholism, splenectomy or immunodeficiency are at an increased risk of contracting serious infections with C. canimorsus following dog bites. We report a case story of C. canimorsus meningitis contracted after a dog bite.
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PMID:[Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis diagnosed by means of a 16S rRNA analysis]. 2229 76

Disseminated sporotrichosis occurs in individuals with impaired cellular immunity, such as in cases of neoplasia, transplantation, diabetes, and especially, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This report presents a 32-year-old Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient who developed a protracted condition of disseminated sporotrichosis with endocarditis, bilateral endophthalmitis, and lymphatic involvement. He needed cardiac surgery to replace the mitral valve. Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates were recovered from cultures of subcutaneous nodules and mitral valve fragments. Species identification was based on classical and molecular methods. The patient received amphotericin B for 52 days and subsequently, oral itraconazole. He remains asymptomatic, and he is on maintenance therapy with itraconazole. Despite his positive clinical outcome, he developed bilateral blindness. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of endocarditis and endophthalmitis caused by S. brasiliensis.
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PMID:Disseminated Sporothrix brasiliensis infection with endocardial and ocular involvement in an HIV-infected patient. 2240 21

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), initially developed for immunodeficiency disorders, has now been used for multiple autoimmune diseases and infections. These are generally well tolerated, with few adverse effects. Acute kidney injury has been described in very rare instances. We report an interesting case of a 59-year-old African American male with a pertinent history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, endocarditis, and peripheral vascular disease, who was diagnosed with post-transfusion purpura. He was then treated with IVIG and subsequently developed an acute worsening of renal function in a time span of 3 days. The etiology remained elusive even after an extensive workup. Renal biopsy was done finally, which showed findings suggestive of osmotic nephropathy that was traced to the sucrose used as a stabilizing agent in the IVIG. In light of the increasing use of IVIG, it is therefore highly recommended that clinicians are well aware of this side effect of IVIG.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulin-associated renal failure in a patient with post-transfusion purpura. 2275 Jul 64

Although exact statistics are lacking, body modifications for cosmetic purposes are performed in many countries. The commonest forms include tattooing, body piercing, and breast and facial augmentation using implants or injectable fillers. Liposuction and, to a lesser extent, mesotherapy are also practiced in many countries. Infective complications of these procedures include local infections, transmission of bloodborne pathogens (viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus), and distant infections such as infective endocarditis. Presence of foreign bodies, long healing time of piercing wounds, and poor compliance with infection control practices of some practitioners all predispose the recipients to infections. Apart from the endogenous microbial flora of the skin and mucosae, atypical mycobacteria, especially the rapid growers, have emerged as some of the most important pathogens in such settings. Outbreaks of infection are commonly reported. We hereby review the current knowledge of the topic with specific focus on infections associated with tattooing, body piercing, breast augmentation, mesotherapy, liposuction, and tissue filler injections. Greater awareness among consumers and health-care professionals, as well as more stringent regulations by the health authorities, is essential to minimize the health risks arising from these procedures.
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PMID:Infections associated with body modification. 2326 45

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS) is a unique multisystem syndrome. It can present with either chronic or subacute infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection that has been reported to present with TTP-HUS as tuberculous endocarditis in the presence of immunodeficiency and implanted medical devices in regions where TB is endemic. Tuberculomas are space occupying lesions most commonly found in the brain in immunocompromised individuals. Herein, we present a rare association of tuberculosis with endocarditis manifesting as a tuberculoma and presenting as TTP-HUS in an immunocompetent patient and resident of the United States.
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PMID:Cardiac tuberculoma presenting as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome. 2431 49

Opportunistic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multiple opportunistic infections can occur in a patient in the setting of severe immunodeficiency and can have atypical clinicoradiological presentation. Cardiac involvement has also been observed on autopsy in HIV-infected patients in the form of myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, endocarditis, neoplasms, and drug-related cardiotoxicity. Mostly, the cardiac opportunistic infections are clinically asymptomatic, and sudden death due to these is extremely rare. We report a case of 44-year-old gentleman who presented with cough, pleuritic chest pain, and breathlessness and died of refractory shock due to myocarditis. At autopsy, he was found to have Toxoplasma myocarditis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and cytomegalovirus adrenalitis.
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PMID:Multiple and atypical opportunistic infections in a HIV patient with Toxoplasma myocarditis. 2506 Mar 85


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