Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is among the most important causes of skin infections. The incidence of Methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) strains isolated from skin and skin structure infections was about 20-40%. In deep-seated pyoderma such as furuncle and furunculosis, MRSA was more frequently isolated than in other type of infectious diseases of the skin. But the incidence was gradually increasing. As to coagulase typing, type IV was most frequently isolated in MRSA. The damaged skin is easily colonized by high numbers of SA on its surface and within hair follicles. Through the indwelling catheters or decubitus SA on the skin could cause easily severe systemic MRSA infections such as sepsis or endocarditis of in-patients.
 ...
PMID:[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dermatology]. 150 40

Localized bacterial skin infections are frequent. In furunculosis, a local treatment is usually sufficient. In case of frequent recurrence a possible staphylococcus aureus colonization should be looked for and eliminated. Erysipela is treated by systemic antibiotics in order to avoid complications such as streptococcal gangrena or parainfectious glomerulonephritis. Anaerobic cellulitis and gas gangrena are postoperative or posttraumatic infections of the soft tissues which require a combined surgical and antibiotic treatment. Systemic infections may be recognized by characteristic skin lesions. These skin lesions are the consequence of bacterial emboli, vasculitis, intravascular coagulation or toxins, respectively. Examples for such manifestations are lesions in endocarditis, purpura fulminans, ekthyma gangrenosum, disseminated candidemia and toxic shock syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Localized bacterial skin infections and dermatologic manifestations of systemic infections]. 161 60

Human lactoferrin (HLf) is an iron-binding protein and a host-defence component at the mucosal surface. Recently, a specific receptor for HLf has been identified on a strain of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome. We have looked for the occurrence of 125I-HLf binding among 489 strains of S. aureus isolated from various clinical sources. HLf binding was common among S. aureus strains associated with furunculosis (94.3%), toxic shock syndrome (94.3%), endocarditis (83.3%) and septicaemia (82.8%) and other (nasal, vaginal or ocular) infections (96.1%) with a mean binding (in fmol) of 29.1, 21.9, 16.9, 22.2 and 29.2 respectively; the differences between mean HLf binding values of 29.1-29.2, 21.9-22.2 and 16.9 were significant. Furunculosis-associated (low-invasive or localised) isolates were high-to-moderate binders of HLf; 50% gave positive results at a threshold of greater than 31 fmol of 125I-HLf bound. In contrast, endocarditis-associated (high-invasive or systemic) isolates demonstrated low binding and did not bind 125I-HLf at the above threshold level. S. aureus recognised human or bovine Lf. However, bound 125I-HLf was more effectively inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by unlabelled bovine Lf than by homologous HLf. Binding of 125I-HLf to staphylococci was optimal with organisms grown in agar compared with those from broth cultures. The binding capacity of S. aureus was abolished when strains were grown on carbohydrate- and salt-rich agar media. HLf-binding ability of S. aureus did not correlate with fibronectin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G or laminin binding.
 ...
PMID:Human lactoferrin binding in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. 205 16

Purified Staphylococcus aureus lipase was used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detected IgG antibodies in 169 patients with infections due to S. aureus, in 122 patients with infections not due to S. aureus, and in 167 healthy controls. Eighty-eight percent (21 of 24) of the patients with endocarditis due to S. aureus showed a positive level of antibody to lipase or a significant change in antibody titer during the first month, as did 89% (17 of 19) and 28% (5 of 18) of the patients with complicated and uncomplicated septicemia due to S. aureus, respectively. The specificity for S. aureus infections was high; only one patient in the non-S. aureus endocarditis and septicemia groups showed a significant rise in antibody titer, and this rise did not reach a positive antibody level. Patients with recurrent furunculosis or chronic osteomyelitis due to S. aureus responded in only 15% and 23% of cases, respectively. We suggest that the antibody-to-lipase ELISA could be used as a valuable complement to other serological assays in diagnosing serious S. aureus infections because of its high sensitivity and specificity.
 ...
PMID:A new serological assay for Staphylococcus aureus infections: detection of IgG antibodies to S. aureus lipase with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 403 44

One hundred and nineteen patients with S. aureus infections and 22 patients with non-S. aureus septicemia were investigated for anti-alpha hemolysin antibodies using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). As compared to 16- healthy controls, patients with S. aureus endocarditis, septicemia, chronic osteomyelitis and recurrent furunculosis showed significantly higher antibody levels, while the non-S. aureus septicemia group showed normal levels. Corresponding results were obtained using the conventional anti-staphylolysin (ASTA) test. Only patients with recurrent furunculosis had significantly elevated anti-beta hemolysin antibody levels assessed by RIA, in comparison with healthy controls. The highest antibody levels were found in furunculosis patients infected with S. aureus strains which were high producers of beta hemolysin. The results indicate that furunculosis patients do not have a defective serological response against S. aureus beta hemolysin.
 ...
PMID:Antibody response to alpha- and betahemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus in patients with staphylococcal infections and in normals. 665 35

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) for determination of antibodies against S. aureus peptidoglycan was used for serological diagnosis of staphylococcal infections. Elevated IgG antibody levels were found in 21/21 patients with S. aureus endocarditis and in 10/24 patients with S. aureus septicemia. Two patients with streptococcal and one patient with pneumococcal septicemia showed elevated antibody levels as well, probably due to cross reactions between peptidoglycans of different bacterial species. In cases of chronic osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus, 12/33 patients showed elevated antibody levels while all patients with recurrent furunculosis had normal antibody levels. Anti-peptidoglycan antibodies were also found in all healthy controls (n = 160) but at lower levels. This might explain the rapid booster response of IgG antibodies found in 73 per cent of patients with S. aureus endocarditis already within 10 days after the first symptoms. The best clinical value of the assay seems to be in separating S. aureus endocarditis from uncomplicated septicemia.
 ...
PMID:Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in patients with staphylococcal infections. 667

One hundred and thirteen patients with S. aureus infections, eight patients with non-S. aureus septicemia and 167 normal controls were investigated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal antibodies. All serum samples tested had measurable antibodies, including the normal controls. The test could differentiate the patients group with S. aureus endocarditis from patients with other S. aureus septicemia, as well as from normal controls, as the endocarditis group had significantly higher antibody levels. Patients with non-bacteremic S. aureus infections, such as osteomyelitis and recurrent furunculosis, showed a wide range of antibody levels, 1/3 and 1/4 of the patients, respectively, showing high levels comparable to the endocarditis patients. Among normal controls, high antibody levels were found in 13 per cent.
 ...
PMID:Detection of Staphylococcus aureus antibodies in patients with S. aureus infections and in normal persons, using solid phase radioimmunoassay. 712 7

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. It is produced by fewer than 5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains. A collection of 172 S. aureus strains were screened for PVL genes by polymerase chain reaction amplification. PVL genes were detected in 93% of strains associated with furunculosis and in 85% of those associated with severe necrotic hemorrhagic pneumonia (all community-acquired). They were detected in 55% of cellulitis strains, 50% of cutaneous abscess strains, 23% of osteomyelitis strains, and 13% of finger-pulp-infection strains. PVL genes were not detected in strains responsible for other infections, such as infective endocarditis, mediastinitis, hospital-acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and enterocolitis, or in those associated with toxic-shock syndrome. It thus appears that PVL is mainly associated with necrotic lesions involving the skin or mucosa.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. 1052 52

Over the last three decades, the literature pointed out the implications of Aeromonas species in human pathology. These species were described as being involved in intestinal (several outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis of choleric/dysenteric form or chronic diarrhoea, ulcerative colitis, etc.) in normal adults or children, as well as in extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. This last aspect included a large range of cutaneous injuries (micronecrosis, abscesses, bums, cellulites, furunculosis), joint, bones, respiratory, urinary tract, ocular infections up to meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, hepatobilliary disease, endotoxic shock and septicemia (as consequence of leech microvascular surgery). During the last decade, the literature reported a high mortality in Aeromonas infections determined by certain phenospecies (A. hydrophila and A. veronii) especially in extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised patients. In microbiologists' opinion this high rate of mortality was probably due to poor knowledge concerning the aspects of antibioresistance in Aeromonas strains, to empiric treatments with antibiotics to which these bacteria exhibiting constitutive resistance lead to insuccessful results, and at last to the increasing trend of aeromonads resistance to certain antibiotics after 1996. The literature mentioned also that for a great number of Beta-lactamase producing Aeromonas strains, the use of microdilution method (by comparison to disk diffusion in agar medium) giving false results made more difficult the true knowledge of Aeromonas antibioresistance patterns. At the same time, in 2002, the literature mentioned 4 ecological compartments considered as "reservoirs for dissemination and transfer of microbial antibioresistance i.e. humans, animals, plants and natural soil and water. In the last time, more and more data of the literature revealed that some bacteria with role of reservoir of antibioresistance in the natural environment, even without a direct medical impact, however they could play an indirect one remaining permanent sources of R genes for bacterial strains with pathogenic abilities implicated in human pathology (i.e. Aeromonas infections in man related to different professional activities such as fishing, surfing, swimming, diving, etc.). The purpose of this work was to determine the aspects related to constitutive and acquired antibioresistance in 35 A. hydrophila strains isolated in aquatic environment of Danube Delta (10 salmaster waters, 5 aquatic plants, 5 fish intestinal content, 5 fish sapling, 5 snake and oyster shells). The strains were biochemically identified by using API20E and API20NE kits. The antibioresistance spectrum was determined by disk diffusion method following NCCLS 2000 recommendations. The choice and disposal of antibiotics on the Mueller Hinton plate was done to allow the interpretive reading and the phenotypic detection of different antibioresistance mechanisms, as follows: beta-lactamases (PEN, ME, AMX, AMC, CAZ) and carbapenemase (IMP) production; porin deficiency (FOX); efflux mechanism (C, TE, NOR). All tested strains exhibited high resistance to penicillin, aspect pleading for constitutive penicillinase production in Aeromonas strains. With reference to other penicillins (ME, AMX, AMC) and cephalosporins (CAZ, FOX) the tested strains exhibited 2 different antibioresistance patterns: AMX-R, AMC-S, CAZ-S (65%) indicating the presence of beta-lactamase sensitive to inhibitors and AMX-R, AMC-R, CAZ-S (22%) indicating the presence of beta-lactamase resistant to inhibitors. Resistance to FOX in 8% of strains signifies a phenotypical marker for the presence of porin deficiency. Only one Aeromonas strain (2.8%) was resistant to IMP. Three strains (8%) were simultaneous resistant to TE and TMP/SMX, NOR and CHL probably due to the presence of a resistance plasmid (codifying an efflux/ enzymatic mechanism). These aspects are pleading for the necessity to investigate the bacterial antibioresistance patterns of bacterial strains isolated from the environment, in the purpose to identify the factors responsible for the spreading of certain antibioresistance mechanisms in the external medium as risk factors for the colonization process with possible impact upon the human pathology.
 ...
PMID:Aspects of constitutive and acquired antibioresistance in Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from water sources. 1600 42

Bacterial endocarditis secondary to Panton-Valentine leukocidin producing community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is rare. We report 5 previously healthy patients who presented with endocarditis after developing furunculosis due to CA-MRSA. A retrospective chart review of all patients with MRSA positive blood cultures was conducted over a 12-month period. Patients with multiple positive blood cultures within 72 h of admission and who had no risk factors for MRSA acquisition were included. Modified Duke's criteria were used to define bacterial endocarditis. PCR detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes as well as SCCmec typing was performed. In addition, strain typing of MRSA isolates was performed utilizing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Five out of a total of 193 patients had features consistent with CA-MRSA infections and met modified Duke's criteria for bacterial endocarditis. Blood culture isolates were found to be PVL gene positive and carried the type IV SCCmec element. PFGE confirmed that skin isolate was identical to the isolate cultured from his blood. Bacterial endocarditis in patients with CA-MRSA furunculosis is an emerging entity. In areas where CA-MRSA skin infections are prevalent, inappropriate initial antibiotics remain a major problem and may result in significant morbidity.
 ...
PMID:Five cases of bacterial endocarditis after furunculosis and the ongoing saga of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. 1685 20


1 2 Next >>