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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathologic findings in 13 cases of staphylococcal disease in New Zealand white rabbits were described. Subcutaneous abscesses and embolic pyemic abscesses in kidney, heart, brain, and lung were found. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and fibrinous pneumonia also occurred. One rabbit had a valvular endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-positive, and fermenting mannitol were isolated from the lesions described. Staphylococcal disease was diagnosed in 13 of the 171 (7.6%) rabbits necropsied during a 3-yr period. Disseminated staphylococcal lesions were observed only in rabbits during this time.
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PMID:Disseminated staphylococcal disease in laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 126 32

The common infective conditions encountered at King Khalid Teaching Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were described. These data were collected mostly during a period of 8 years between 1981 to 1988. These infections included brucellosis, cholecystitis, conjunctivitis, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, infective endocarditis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, septicaemia, sorethroat, treponemal infections, urethritis, urinary tract infections, and vaginitis. A scheme for empiric chemotherapy has been suggested for these infections based on the sensitivity results obtained mostly from the microbiology laboratory at Teaching Hospital, Riyadh. This scheme of empiric therapy is offered as a guide only. It does not cover all possibilities and is not intended as a rigid dogma. Empiric therapy has also been suggested for some other infective conditions where sufficient data were not available from the Teaching Hospital. Empiric therapy should be started after relevant specimens are collected. Culture and sensitivity tests are invaluable in the management of patients with infectious diseases. As soon as sensitivities of the infecting organisms' are known, treatment should be adjusted accordingly. In some cases, Gram-staining is valuable to guide the initial therapy (eg. meningitis, pneumonia, and urethritis). Finally, close liaison between physicians and clinical microbiologists is mandatory for successful therapy.
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PMID:Empiric therapy of common bacterial infections in Saudi Arabia; a review. 161 94

Branhamella catarrhalis was formerly regarded as a common, essentially harmless inhabitant of the pharynx. This misapprehension was caused, in part, by confusion with another pharyngeal resident, Neisseria cinerea. The two organisms can now be differentiated by the positive reactions of B. catarrhalis in tests for nitrate reduction and hydrolysis of tributyrin and DNase. B. catarrhalis is currently recognized as the third most frequent cause of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in young children. It often causes acute exacerbations of chronic bronchopulmonary disease in older or immunocompromised adults and is incriminated occasionally in meningitis, endocarditis, bacteremia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and urogenital infections. Virulence-associated factors, such as pili, capsules, outer membrane vesicles, iron acquisition proteins, histamine-synthesizing ability, resistance to the bactericidal action of normal human serum, and binding to the C1q complement component, have been identified in some strains. beta-Lactamase producing strains, first detected in 1976, have risen to approximately 75% worldwide. Thus far, however, practically all American strains of B. catarrhalis remain susceptible to alternative antibiotics. A possible selective advantage of recent isolates is their reportedly heightened tendency for adherence to oropharyngeal cells from patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease.
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PMID:Branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a pathogen. 212 28

Capnocytophaga sp., a microaerophilic gram-negative isolate of the human oral cavity, has previously been reported to cause sinusitis, empyema, wound infections, conjunctivitis, subphrenic abscess, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, cervical abscess, and endocarditis. We report the unusual case of infection with this organism at the anastamotic site of a splenorenal portosystemic vascular shunt. In this case, the pathogenesis is presumed to be bacteremia related to mucosal trauma from endoscopic injection sclerotherapy or bacteremia secondary to dental infection. The characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of Capnocytophaga are reviewed.
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PMID:Capnocytophaga infection involving a portal-systemic vascular shunt. 236 47

Although the first Aeromonas strain was described by Zimmermann as early as in 1890, it took 60 years until Caselitz established human pathogenicity of strains then called "Vibrio jamaicensis". Since then, and especially in the last 10 years, there have been increasing numbers of reports on different infections caused by members of the genus Aeromonas. These include sepsis; meningitis; cellulitis; necrotizing fasciitis; ecthyma gangrenosum; pneumonia; peritonitis; conjunctivitis; corneal ulcer; endophthalmitis; osteomyelitis; suppurative arthritis; myositis; subphrenic abscess; liver abscess; cholecystitis and/or ascending cholangitis; urinary tract infection; endocarditis; ear, nose, and throat infections; balanitis; etc. The role of Aeromonas in gastrointestinal disease is very controversial. Increasing epidemiological data suggest that these organisms play a major role in enteric infections, but so far enteropathogenicity has not been demonstrable in experiments where volunteers were given high numbers of Aeromonas possessing different virulence factors. Virulence factors include hemolysin(s), enterotoxin(s), hemagglutinins, invasivity, and others; but these are not found more frequently in strains isolated from patients with diarrhea than from healthy controls. Whether there is a correlation between species and disease remains to be elucidated and requires more information about the taxonomy of this genus.
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PMID:Aeromonas as a human pathogen. 264 16

During a seven-year period, 38 children acquired multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after admission to a pediatric service. Eighteen children were thought to be colonized. Twenty-three infectious episodes occurred in the remaining 20 children. Infections included endocarditis (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 8), burn infection (n = 1), postoperative wound infection (n = 6), intra-abdominal abscess (n = 1), catheter sepsis (n = 2), urinary tract infection (n = 1), conjunctivitis (n = 1), and central nervous system shunt infection (n = 1). When patients infected with MRSA were compared by multivariate analysis with control subjects matched for age and unit of admission, patients with MRSA were hospitalized longer, underwent more surgical procedures, received more intravenous alimentation, and were more likely to require a tracheostomy; no correlation was found with administration of antibiotics. Twenty-six of the 34 discharged patients remained colonized with MRSA. Mortality in the infected patients was 20% (4/20), with a 38% (3/8) mortality rate for MRSA pneumonia.
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PMID:Endemic, multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a pediatric population. Clinical description and risk factors. 367 68

Bacteria recently recognized as nosocomial pathogens generally fall into three categories: those that grow slowly, those that are fastidious in their nutritional or atmospheric requirements and those that resemble commensals. Each characteristic has contributed to the delay in perceiving their importance. Mycobacterium chelonei and Myco. fortuitum--which grow slowly, although characterized as "rapid-growing" mycobacteria--cause sternal osteomyelitis, pericarditis and endocarditis after cardiac surgery as well as other wound infections after many types of surgery. Myco. chelonei-like organisms have been found to cause "sterile" peritonitis in patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis. Legionella pneumophila and L. micdadei are fastidious bacteria that were more difficult to detect because they stain poorly with the Gram method. They cause pneumonia and lung abscess, especially in immunocompromised people. Clostridium difficile is an anaerobe that causes toxin-mediated pseudomembranous colitis in persons given antibiotics that inhibit competing gut bacteria. Chylamydia trachomatis, an intracellular organism that has not been grown in vitro, causes pneumonia and conjunctivitis in young infants who acquire the organism from their mothers at birth. Group JK bacteria cause septicemia in patients whose immune responses have been suppressed and must be distinguished from "diphtheroid" contaminants in blood cultures. Clinicians, microbiologists and epidemiologists must be alert to the characteristics of these organisms that make them easily overlooked and should also anticipate the existence of other bacteria not yet identified.
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PMID:Bacteria newly recognized as nosocomial pathogens. 700 90

Non-specific urethritis (NSU) is a sexually transmitted disease; 50% of cases are due to Chlamydia trachomatis, so that this is the commonest sexually transmitted infection in the developed world. Chlamydial infection is now readily diagnosable and the evidence increasingly suggests that it is underdiagnosed. Chlamydial conjunctivitis (in the newborn baby or the adult) in the developed world is a complication of sexually transmitted genital infection by C trachomatis and it indicates a large reservoir of such infections. Because of the association of sexually transmitted diseases, systemic treatment for such chlamydial conjunctivitis should not be given until full genital and serological investigators have been carried out. Chlamydial infection causes serious complications (that were formerly often thought to be gonococcal), such as epididymitis in young men and salpingitis on young women. It may cause local complications in the eye of the newborn baby and even pneumonia in babies and fatal endocarditis in adults. The diagnosis of NSU should lead to the correct treatment of the male patient and of his sexual partners. It is the promiscuous woman, who does not have a regular sexual partner to report back to her that he has NSU, who is at particular risk of undiagnosed chlamydial infection. Routine genital investigations for chlamydia are particularly indicated in her case. Following the parallel of gonorrhoea, it seems that the use of contact tracers may be an effective method for controlling chlamydial infection.
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PMID:Epidemiology of infection by serotypes D to K of chlamydia trachomatis. 742 89

Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised cancer patients and transplant recipients. S. maltophilia has been documented as a cause of bacteraemia, infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, meningitis, serious wound infections, mastoiditis, epididymitis, conjunctivitis and endocarditis. The reservoir of S. maltophilia and the mechanisms by which it is transmitted, remain largely unknown. Risk analysis has shown that mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients, receiving antibiotics especially carbapenems, are at increased risk of colonization/infection. Because of the in vitro resistance to many commonly used agents, it is essential that S. maltophilia is isolated and identified correctly. Over the last decade Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia has become a major threat to the management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The spread of B. cepacia through previously stable CF clinic populations, is an increasing cause for concern. Anxiety has arisen following the observation that some patients with previously mild disease, experience an accelerated and fatal deterioration in pulmonary function with fever, necrotizing pneumonia, and in some cases septicaemia. Early UK surveillance studies suggested a maximum prevalence of 7%, though this has risen in recent reports to approach the 40% described in the US. Mounting evidence of person-to-person transmission has led the Cystic Fibrosis Trust to issue guidelines for the management of colonized patients. In an attempt to monitor and understand the spread of B. cepacia, typing techniques such as ribotyping have been employed. Because of these problems, together with multiple-antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to identify the major routes of transmission, colonizing, pathophysiological and immunological factors.
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PMID:The emergence of epidemic, multiple-antibiotic-resistant Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia and Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia. 888 May 54

Three men and one woman (mean age 52 years) were admitted to hospital for septicemia (2 cases), sudden partial loss of visual acuity (1 case) and suspected conjunctivitis (1 case). Three of the patients showed risk factors (diabetes, alcohol intoxication, immunosuppression). Panophthalmitis (affecting all tunics of the eye) was apparent from the initial examination in all 4 cases (2 bilateral and 2 unilateral). Ocular involvement was associated with endocarditis and meningitis (pneumococcus) in 1 case, with nocardiosis (pulmonary, cerebral and nodal) in 1 case, and with septicemia with bacterial arthritis (Escherichia coli, streptococcus A) in 2 cases. Hemocultures were positive in 3/4 cases. The micro-organism was also detected in the joint (n = 2), urine (n = 1) and cerebrospinal fluid (n = 1), during pulmonary transparietal puncture (n = 1) and in intraocular biopsy tissue (n = 1). All patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy intravenously and intraocularly. The infection was cured in all cases, but with severe functional sequelae: blindness in 2 cases, and unilateral enucleation in the other 2 cases.
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PMID:[Hematogenic bacterial endophthalmitis. A rare infection with very poor functional prognosis]. 879 96


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