Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A commercially available agar gel diffusion (AGD) assay was used to investigate the teichoic acid antibody (TAA) response in 183 patients with proven Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections. Two control groups were also investigated. One consisted of 100 hospitalized patients with a variety of medical and surgical conditions other than SA infection and the other consisted of 116 healthy hospital staff members. The sensitivity of the AGD assay varied markedly depending on the site of infection in the patients with proven SA infections. All patients with SA endocarditis developed positive TAA titres (greater than or equal to 1:4), although more than one third of these were initially negative. In patients with chronic osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, 41% had positive TAA titres, whereas no positive titres were detected in patients with acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Lower rates of positive TAA titres were found in patients with deep abscesses (27%), pneumonia (14%) and post-operative infections (9%), but no positive titres occurred in patients with acute uncomplicated bacteremia, cellulitis or meningitis. In 100 hospitalized control patients, no positive titres were detected, and only 1 of 116 (0.9%) healthy hospital staff controls was positive. Suggested guidelines for the use of the AGD assay are discussed.
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PMID:Detection of teichoic acid antibodies in Staphylococcus aureus infections. 164 Dec 54

Antiribitol-teichoic acid antibody (ARTA) was detected in sera of 30 out of 50 patients (60%) with various acute deep seated Staphylococcus aureus infections and 5 out of 10 chronic osteomyelitis cases, whereas none of the sera from 50 patients with superficial Staphylococcus aureus infections as well from 50 patients without Staphylococcus aureus infections showed antibody response (p less than 0.01). This test is a definite advantage in diagnosis of deep seated staphylococcal infections like endocarditis, lung disease, meningitis and specially in osteomyelitis cases where organisms cannot be isolated and therefore helps in predicting the need for long term antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:Antiribitol-teichoic acid antibody (ARTA) in diagnosis of deep seated Staphylococcus aureus infections. 181 53

The results of efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin administered by parenteral and oral route in the treatment of severe infections-particularly, osteomyelitis and bacteremia-due to gram-negative bacilli are studied in the present work. The group consisted of 34 patients, there were 25 men and 9 women, whose age ranged from 5 to 84 years. Two patients were excluded from the study and did not enter in the efficacy analysis, although they accounted for the evaluation of incidence of side effects. Ten patients presented osteomyelitis, 16 patients had bacteremia (one of them, with endocarditis), and six patients suffered from other types of infection (one of them had meningitis). All patients recovered or presented clinical improvement with the treatment, except three of them, which accounted for a response rate of 90.6%. In 28 of the 32 evaluable cases, microbiologic eradication was achieved (eradication rate, 87.5%). Infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa persisted or recurred in three patients with chronic osteomyelitis; in two of them, the strain become resistant to ciprofloxacin, and in the third patient, the results of cultures persisted positive along the whole course, thus, the eradication of the microorganism was not achieved. One woman presented bacteremia due to Acinetobacter which persisted despite antibiotic therapy. Side effects were mild and obliged to withdraw the treatment in two cases (dizziness). Ciprofloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone that is easily administered by parenteral and oral route. In the present study, it has revealed as safe and highly efficacious, even in particularly severe or resistant bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Evaluation of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of severe bacterial infections]. 249 Jun 38

Eighteen patients with documented Gram-positive infections which included osteomyelitis, prosthetic infections, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections were treated with teicoplanin. The organisms involved included Staphylococcus aureus (15 isolates of which six were methicillin-resistant-MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (two), Streptococcus faecalis (one) and Streptococcus milleri (one). Clinical success occurred in all seven patients with skin and soft tissue Streptococcus milleri (one). Clinical success occurred in all seven patients with skin and soft tissue infections (with bacterial persistence in three out of the seven), in three patients with bacteraemia endocarditis, and in one of the three patients with chronic osteomyelitis. In four patients with prosthetic bone and joint infections, clinical improvement followed removal of prostheses. Adverse effects occurred in two patients and these included one patient with a rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin and one patient with a rise in blood urea, both of which returned to within normal limits on discontinuing the drug. The study showed that teicoplanin is a safe and effective antistaphylococcal agent.
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PMID:Open study of teicoplanin in gram-positive infections. 296 1

Purified Staphylococcus aureus lipase was used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detected IgG antibodies in 169 patients with infections due to S. aureus, in 122 patients with infections not due to S. aureus, and in 167 healthy controls. Eighty-eight percent (21 of 24) of the patients with endocarditis due to S. aureus showed a positive level of antibody to lipase or a significant change in antibody titer during the first month, as did 89% (17 of 19) and 28% (5 of 18) of the patients with complicated and uncomplicated septicemia due to S. aureus, respectively. The specificity for S. aureus infections was high; only one patient in the non-S. aureus endocarditis and septicemia groups showed a significant rise in antibody titer, and this rise did not reach a positive antibody level. Patients with recurrent furunculosis or chronic osteomyelitis due to S. aureus responded in only 15% and 23% of cases, respectively. We suggest that the antibody-to-lipase ELISA could be used as a valuable complement to other serological assays in diagnosing serious S. aureus infections because of its high sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:A new serological assay for Staphylococcus aureus infections: detection of IgG antibodies to S. aureus lipase with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 403 44

In a general survey it is stated that for single Staphylococcus aureus infections, clindamycin is not considered to be a first-line drug. Its chief indication is penicillin allergy. Penetration and accumulation of clindamycin within leukocytes demonstrated in vitro may be of value in the treatment of S. aureus diseases resulting in large abscesses. An insidious risk of the development of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea limits the use of clindamycin in ambulatory long-term treatment of diabetic osteitis and chronic osteomyelitis. Such patients must therefore be carefully checked during clindamycin therapy. In staphylococcal endocarditis treated with clindamycin, relapses and development of resistance have been reported. Mixed staphylococcal and anaerobic infections in skin, subcutaneous tissue, the diabetic foot, bone and joints are primary indications for clindamycin. S. epidermidis infections, especially septicemia and endocarditis, are not suitable for clindamycin therapy due to a high rate of resistance.
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PMID:Clindamycin as an anti-staphylococcal agent--indications and limitations. 659 22

One hundred and nineteen patients with S. aureus infections and 22 patients with non-S. aureus septicemia were investigated for anti-alpha hemolysin antibodies using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). As compared to 16- healthy controls, patients with S. aureus endocarditis, septicemia, chronic osteomyelitis and recurrent furunculosis showed significantly higher antibody levels, while the non-S. aureus septicemia group showed normal levels. Corresponding results were obtained using the conventional anti-staphylolysin (ASTA) test. Only patients with recurrent furunculosis had significantly elevated anti-beta hemolysin antibody levels assessed by RIA, in comparison with healthy controls. The highest antibody levels were found in furunculosis patients infected with S. aureus strains which were high producers of beta hemolysin. The results indicate that furunculosis patients do not have a defective serological response against S. aureus beta hemolysin.
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PMID:Antibody response to alpha- and betahemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus in patients with staphylococcal infections and in normals. 665 35

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) for determination of antibodies against S. aureus peptidoglycan was used for serological diagnosis of staphylococcal infections. Elevated IgG antibody levels were found in 21/21 patients with S. aureus endocarditis and in 10/24 patients with S. aureus septicemia. Two patients with streptococcal and one patient with pneumococcal septicemia showed elevated antibody levels as well, probably due to cross reactions between peptidoglycans of different bacterial species. In cases of chronic osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus, 12/33 patients showed elevated antibody levels while all patients with recurrent furunculosis had normal antibody levels. Anti-peptidoglycan antibodies were also found in all healthy controls (n = 160) but at lower levels. This might explain the rapid booster response of IgG antibodies found in 73 per cent of patients with S. aureus endocarditis already within 10 days after the first symptoms. The best clinical value of the assay seems to be in separating S. aureus endocarditis from uncomplicated septicemia.
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PMID:Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in patients with staphylococcal infections. 667

A highly purified teichoic acid preparation was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM response in staphylococcal disease. Antibody determination in a normal population, showing a difference of up to 20-fold in the mean IgG titers between the youngest children and adults, was used to establish age-correlated upper normal values. IgM antibodies were found to be of little diagnostic value since their response was often low or absent. Increased IgG titers were found in 24 of 27 (89%) patients with endocarditis, in 11 of 14 (79%) with complicated septicemia, and in 10 of 20 (50%) with uncomplicated septicemia with serum samples drawn between days 7 and 30 of disease. With paired samples, the numbers of patients with increased IgG titers were 17 of 17, 3 of 4, and 6 of 7, respectively, in the same patient groups. Increased IgG titers were less often demonstrated in patients with chronic osteomyelitis (7 of 22). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for teichoic acid antibodies was found to be a sensitive and specific method for diagnosing staphylococcal endocarditis and septicemia. For optimal results, both the substantial age-correlated variation in normal titers and the importance of adequately spaced samples should be considered.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against teichoic acid in patients with staphylococcal infections. 685 91

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used with purified alpha-toxin and teichoic acid preparations to measure the IgG and IgM response in Staphylococcus aureus infections. After determining antibodies in a normal population, cut-off levels were set for all age groups. ELISA with alpha-toxin was more sensitive than the antistaphylolysin neutralization test (ASTA). Determining IgM antibodies with the two antigens was found to be of limited diagnostic value. Positive IgG titers against alpha-toxin were found in 21 of 27 patients (78%) with endocarditis, 11 of 14 (79%) with complicated septicemia, eight of 20 (40%) with uncomplicated septicemia and in 12 of 22 (54%) with chronic osteomyelitis. The IgG responses to teichoic acid and alpha-toxin were somewhat different when measured by ELISA, and the parallel performance of the two assays resulted in improved serological diagnostics. The number of positive patients increased to 89%, 86%, 65% and 64%, respectively, in the four groups with a diagnostic specificity of 93%. In septicemic staphylococcal infections, the diagnosis could be established in all patients (28 of 28) with adequately spaced paired samples.
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PMID:The role of antibodies against alpha-toxin and teichoic acid in the diagnosis of staphylococcal infections. 686 37


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