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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcohol abuse has been linked to intracranial hemorrhage, both intracerebral and subarachnoid. Some studies have found a dose-response relationship, so that increasing levels of abuse are associated with greater risk of hemorrhage. However, alcohol abuse has not been clearly linked to cerebral infarction, and some studies find that mild-to-moderate drinking appears to be associated with a decreased risk of cerebral infarction. Intravenous administration of drugs of abuse predisposes to endocarditis, which may lead to embolic stroke. Associations have been reported between various sympathomimetic drugs and cerebral infarction. A possible mechanism for cerebral infarction is focal arterial vasoconstriction and occasionally cerebral vasculitis. Associations have also been reported between various sympathomimetic drugs and intracranial hemorrhage. A likely mechanism for intracranial hemorrhage is acute arterial hypertension. With the exception of endocarditis, management of stroke related to drug abuse is largely supportive, with emphasis on supportive care to prevent stroke complications, physical and occupational therapy, and aggressive addiction rehabilitation.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular complications of alcohol and sympathomimetic drug abuse. 1250 9

Infective endocarditis involves the brain in 20-40% of cases. The neurologic syndrome often is the presenting feature. The most frequent neurologic complication is cerebral ischemia. In these patients and those with intracranial hemorrhage, a heart murmur as well as systemic signs of inflammation point to endocarditis. The encephalopathy in endocarditis is mostly due to cerebral infarction. In bacterial meningitis and brain abscess an uncommon isolate arouses suspicion. The most important therapy is antibiotic treatment. Valve replacement improves outcome; in the acute phase of endocarditis, however, it is only necessary in a third of the patients. Neurologic complications interfere with the timing of the valve replacement. If it is urgently required, its risk is reasonable within 3 days after cerebral ischemia; if possible 2-4 weeks should be waited. Cases of successful valve replacement within 4 weeks after intracranial hemorrhage have been reported, but it is recommended to postpone it for 4-6 weeks. There are no data available for the other neurologic complications. Even today patients with endocarditis challenge the diagnostic and therapeutic capacity of various disciplines.
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PMID:[Neurological complications of infective endocarditis]. 1503 58

Malignancy-related thromboembolism, so-called Trousseau's syndrome, can present as acute cerebral infarction, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) and migratory thrombophlebitis. It is usually attributed to a cancer-related hypercoagulable state, chronic disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), or tumour embolism. We report on two patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and cholangiocarcinoma who developed widespread thromboembolism during disease progression. Both did poorly despite aggressive institution of anticoagulation therapy. These cases emphasize that cerebral infarction or refractory thromboembolism in cancer-treated patients should prompt investigation for recurrent or metastatic disease or progression of the underlying malignancy. Optimal treatment remains to be established.
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PMID:Trousseau's syndrome related to adenocarcinoma of the colon and cholangiocarcinoma. 1525 90

A 56-year-old woman with aortic regurgitation (AR) developd a high fever on April 25th, 2003, followed by the sudden onset of left hemiparesis and dysarthria on May 10th, 2003. MRI and MRA showed cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the right proximal portion of the middle cerebral artery. Streptococcus was isolated from arterial blood culture at the time of admission and cardiac examination such as echocardiography revealed active infective endocarditis. Cerebral angiography on the 31st day after the onset of symptoms demonstrated a fusiform-shaped aneurysm at the occluded M2 portion of the middle cerebral artery. Despite administration of antibiotics, a small subcortical hematoma was observed in the right temporal lobe surrounding the aneurysm on the 35th day. The direct surgery of aneurysmal trapping and resection was subsequently performed to prevent rebleeding. The sylvian fissure and perianeurysmal area were strongly adherent to granulation tissue and blood clot. After exposing the aneurysm, the dilated portion of the vessel was successfully trapped and resected. Other than residual left hemiparesis, the postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination confirmed bacterial aneurysm due to bacterial embolization originating from infective endocarditis (IE). We report a rare case having a ruptured bacterial aneurysm of the middle cerebral arterial bifurcation requiring surgery following occlusion due to bacterial embolization after sepsis and meningitis due to infective endocarditis.
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PMID:[A surgically treated case with a ruptured bacterial aneurysm of the middle cerebral arterial bifurcation following occlusion]. 1528 88

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of intracardiac vegetative masses detected by echocardiography in September 2001. He had undergone surgery for oral cavity cancer in 1999. He presented with severe embolic symptoms including cerebral infarction, but had few symptoms of heart failure. Antibiotic therapy was started under the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, but the embolic symptoms persisted. An autopsy revealed that the intracardiac vegetative masses consisted of tumor cells originating from the oral cavity cancer. Intravascular tumor thrombi were also found widely distributed in other organs such as the liver, lung, spleen and kidney, and had similar histological features. This is a very rare case of cardiac metastases of oral cavity cancer without adhesion to the endocardium or other myocardial tissue.
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PMID:[Vegetative cardiac metastases of oral cavity cancer: an autopsy case report]. 1533 83

The authors evaluated various clinical courses of ruptured infectious cerebral aneurysms associated with infective endocarditis in 4 patients. The first case: A 60-year-old male, who had a large hematoma resulting from rupture of a distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm at the left frontal lobe co-existing with cerebral infarction at the right temporo-occipital lobe, with complications of renal and liver embolisms and pyogenic spondylitis, was treated with antibiotic therapy. However, he died of rupture of another newly formed aneurysm 29 days after onset. The second case: A 71-year-old female presented cerebral infarction in the right occipital lobe at onset. Two days later, abrupt occurrence of a large hematoma at the left parietal lobe led to deterioration of her consciousness. She underwent emergent evacuation of a large hematoma containing the infectious cerebral aneurysm proven histologically afterwards. The third patient: A 49-year-old female was suffered from a large hematoma and subdural hematoma accompanied distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysm at the right occipital lobe. She was operated by removal of the hematoma and the aneurysm proven as a bacterial infectious aneurysm. The fourth patient: A 71-year-old female had hemiplegia caused by a brain abscess and cerebral hemorrhage in the right temporal lobe and a distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm adjacent to the same region. Trapping of the aneurysm was undertaken and clinical course was uneventful. Attention needs to be paid to the various cerebrovascular condition arising from the bacterial embolus of infective endocarditis.
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PMID:[Four cases of the infectious cerebral aneurysms]. 1560 96

We report a case of the intra-atrial vegetation removal under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a case complicated with left middle cerebral artery embolism caused by postoperative infective endocarditis. The patient was a 14-month-old boy. Two months after intracardiac repair for a complex congenital heart disease, he presented with low-grade fever and was placed on oral antibiotics. A month later an echocardiography revealed 2 vegetations on the tricuspid valve. Although the vegetations became smaller with intravenous antibiotics, right hemiplegia was noted 5 weeks later. Brain CT and MR-angiography demonstrated left middle cerebral artery embolism. For fear of another embolism caused by a remaining movable vegetation on the tricuspid valve, intra-atrial vegetation removal under CPB was performed 5 days after cerebral infarction. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was utilized to locate the vegetation and confirm its removal. His postoperative course was uneventful without a recurrence of cerebral infarction or bleeding. He was weaned from the ventilator on postoperative day (POD) 1, started to move the right extremities on POD 5 and was discharged home on POD 66.
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PMID:[Intra-atrial vegetation removal in a 14-month-old boy complicated with postoperative infective endocarditis and left middle cerebral artery embolism]. 1796 24

Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis (IE) are frequent. In many cases, they are the initial feature and considerably impair the prognosis of the disease. The most common neurologic manifestation is embolic stroke, but other many neurologic events have been described, ranged from cerebral hemorrhage due to rupture of mycotic aneurysm to the exceptional aseptic meningitis with acellular cerebrospinal fluid. We describe 3 cases that represent this wide spectrum of presentation. Ischemic stroke in the first patient and cerebral hemorrhage in the second were respectively documented several days before the diagnosis of IE. In the third case, acellular meningitis was the unusual clinical debut of aortic IE. Cerebral infarct or hemorrhage are exceptionally caused by an underlying IE, so a high level of suspicious is needed to recognize these complications. The best management to improve the prognosis has to be based on a rapid diagnosis and onset of antibiotic treatment, considering valve replacement in the adequate timing.
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PMID:[Neurological manifestations as presentation of infectious endocarditis]. 1819 53

Lactococcus garvieae is considered a rare, opportunistic pathogen with low virulence in human infection. There are only scattered case reports of L. garvieae-related infection in humans in the past 20 years. The majority of them were reported to be infective endocarditis. We present a case study of a 41-year-old man with infective endocarditis caused by L. garvieae which is the first reported case with initial presentation as acute cerebral infarction.
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PMID:Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis with initial presentation of acute cerebral infarction in a healthy immunocompetent man. 1855 75

The arterial lesions underlying cerebral infarction were reviewed by studying the pathological materials in the National Cardiovascular Center. The major clinical categories of arterial lesion (i.e. atherothrombotic, cardio-embolic and lacunar strokes) were reviewed. Arterial lesions underlying striatocapsular infarction were reviewed separately. In order to analyze the mechanisms of the development of cerebral infarction, full postmortem ex-amination of patients dying shortly after the onset of stroke is necessary. Therefore, arterial lesions observed in acute stroke patients were the topic of this review. Two mechanisms are responsible for atherothrombotic stroke: reduced perfusion due to obstructive changes in the arteries and embolism. Cardioembolic stroke includes a special clinicopathological entity, cerebral infarction associated with non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. The mechanisms of development of lacunar stroke are not studied sufficiently because the analysis of arterial lesions responsible for lacunes requires meticulous effort to examine serial sections of specially prepared specimens. Embolism of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and abnormalities of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and MCA are responsible for striatocapsular infarction. The author emphasizes the need for postmortem examination of stroke patients, especially those dying shortly after the onset of stroke.
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PMID:The arterial lesions underlying cerebral infarction. 1951 54


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