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Query: UMLS:C0014118 (endocarditis)
 15,629 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective clinical and bacteriological study of 192 consecutive patients with septicemia admitted during the period 1967--1971 to a hospital for infectious diseases, 31 cases of proved (group I) and 10 with probably (group II) bacterial endocarditis were observed and analysed with regard to a variety of factors. The incidence of bacterial endocarditis was 3 per 1 000 admissions. The mean age of the patients was 52.6 years; there was no sex predominance. In about one third of the patients apparently normal valves were involved. Underlying non-cardiac factors were present in two thirds, even in younger age groups, in which chronic alcoholism and intravenous drug abuse were frequent. Secondary manifestations from various organs were noted in about three quarters of the patients, in one quarter already on admission. alpha-Hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci were most commonly isolated, followed by gram-negative enteric rods, beta-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, and pneumococci. A probable portal of entry could be assumed in 80% of the patients and could often be related to the type of bacteria involved. In some cases, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures preceded the disease. A subacute course of the endocarditis was observed in one third of the patients and all these had alpha-hemolytic streptococci or enterococci. The aortic and mitral valves were equally often involved and equally often infected by alpha-hemolytic streptococci. In 4 patients, 3 of whom were drug addicts, the tricuspid valve was probably involved; all were infected by staphylococci. In one case autopsy revealed a mural endocarditis.
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PMID:Bacterial endocarditis. I. A prospective study of etiology, underlying factors and foci of infection. 71 83

Curettage of skin lesions was not followed by bacteraemia in 22 patients. The risk of bacterial endocarditis after curettage and other minor skin surgery is small but should not be overlooked in those with a prosthetic heart valve, a history of other cardiac surgery, a previous episode of infective endocarditis, drug addiction, diabetes, alcoholism, immunosuppression, or renal failure--especially where the skin lesion might be infected.
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PMID:Minor skin surgery. Are prophylactic antibiotics ever needed for curettage? 135

Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 43 children and 143 adults in a ten year period from 1977 through 1986. There was a high incidence in the males, in the extremes of ages and in the Indian and Others racial groups. The overall mortality rate was 29.5% with a higher rate associated in those with chronic obstructive lung disease, smoking, malignancy and alcoholism, 0.5% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin (of intermediate resistance only) and 16% resistant to tetracycline. Common serotypes isolated were types 1, 4, 14, 3 and 6B, all of which are covered by the pneumococcal vaccine. In children, the common serotypes associated with primary bacteraemia were types 14 and 20; with pneumonia, types 6B, 14, 19A and with meningitis, types 6B, 19F and 19A. In adults, the common serotypes associated with primary bacteraemia were types 20, 11A and 1; with pneumonia, types 3, 4, 7F, 14; with meningitis, types 1, 13, 34 and with endocarditis, type 13. Characteristics of pneumococcal infection, the organism's antibiogram and the serotype distribution are discussed in relation to the work of other investigators.
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PMID:Epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in Singapore (1977-1986). 213 Jul 39

Thirteen cases of infective endocarditis (IE) diagnosed for the first time at autopsy or, in those patients with a previous diagnosis of IE, not thought to be active at the time of death, are presented. Of the six patients who died within 24 h of the onset of symptoms, two died of obstruction of a valve orifice, two died of sepsis, one died of sepsis and alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and one died of a coronary artery embolus. Of the five patients with symptoms lasting more than 24 h, three died of sepsis and congestive heart failure. One died from sepsis alone and one died from congestive heart failure (CHF). In two patients whose duration of symptoms is unknown, one died of sepsis and CHF, and in the other the mechanism of death is unknown. Predisposing factors present in 11 of 13 patients included alcoholism (three), intravenous (IV) drug abuse (three), prosthetic valves (three), aortic stenosis (two), past rheumatic fever (one), and nonstenotic congenitally bicuspid valves (two). The reasons for no antemortem diagnosis were a missed or incorrect clinical diagnosis in three patients seen by a physician shortly before death, no signs or symptoms or found dead (four), non-specific signs and symptoms (three), refusal of medical treatment (one), and a solitary lifestyle (one); there was insufficient information about one patient. Individuals with needle tracks, generalized petechiae. Osler's nodes, splinter hemorrhages, intravenous catheters, pacemaker wires, and infected aortic-valve (A-V) shunts are at risk of IE. Blood and the vegetations should be cultured. The attending physician should be notified of the diagnosis in such cases.
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PMID:Unexpected death as a result of infective endocarditis. 258 45

Thirty cases of Listeria monocytogenes septicaemia occurred in Denmark between 1981 and 1986. The aim of this study was to consider the treatment of these patients, 18 males and 12 females aged from 20 to 87 years: average (AV) 65 years. One or more predisposing factors (PF) were found in 90% of the patients, mainly cancer (16), steroid treatment (12), cirrhosis and/or alcoholism (8), and diabetes mellitus (3). Follow-up varied from 3 months to 5 years. Ampicillin (AMP) alone or with an aminoglycoside (AMI) was the treatment in 9 and 16 cases, respectively. One patient was successfully treated with penicillin G and another received oral co-trimoxazol after recovered with carbenicillin plus AMI. AMP doses were lower than used in listerial meningitis (AV 5 g/day vs. 16 g/day), and the duration was variable: from one to 21 days (AV 8 days). The mortality rate was 50%. No significant differences between survivors and non-survivors were observed either in the antibiotic treatment (doses, duration, administration, and use of AMI), or the number and kind of PF found. The cause of septicaemia could not be established in most cases but 3 endocarditis, 2 perianal abscesses and one pericarditis were found in the non-survivors. Pulmonary involvement was present in 13 patients and CNS infection suspected in 10. Early diagnosis, adequate doses and duration of antibiotic treatment, and the use of drugs capable to penetrate purulent collections (microabscess and abscess formations) should improve the prognosis of L. monocytogenes septicaemia.
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PMID:The treatment of Listeria monocytogenes septicaemia. 263 5

Our experience with group C streptococcal infection over the past 15 years demonstrates an important and emerging role for this hemolytic organism as an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. Significant risk factors in this predominantly male population included chronic cardiopulmonary disease, diabetes, malignancy, and alcoholism. Bacteremia occurred in 74% of cases seen in our series. Nosocomial acquisition of infection was observed in 26%, and infection was frequently polymicrobial in nature with gram-negative enteric bacilli isolated most commonly along with group C streptococci. We observed a broad spectrum of infections including puerperal sepsis, pleuropulmonary infections, skin and soft-tissue infection, central nervous system infection, endocarditis, urinary tract infection, and pharyngeal infections. Several cases of bacteremia of unknown source were observed in neutropenic patients with underlying leukemia. New syndromes of infection due to group C streptococci observed in our series included intra-abdominal abscess, epidural abscess, and dialysis-associated infection. Response to therapy and outcome was related to the underlying disease. While the literature suggests that patients with group C endocarditis respond better to synergistic penicillin-aminoglycoside regimens, patient numbers are too small to draw definite conclusions. The clinical significance of antibiotic tolerant group C streptococci remains uncertain. In patients with serious group C infections including endocarditis, meningitis, septic arthritis, or bacteremia in neutropenic hosts, we advocate the initial use of cell-wall-acting agents in combination with an aminoglycoside.
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PMID:Infections due to Lancefield group C streptococci. 266 62

We reviewed the clinical and laboratory presentation of Haemophilus species bacteremia at our institution, with special attention to predisposing and prognostic factors. Of 36 cases, 18 presented with pneumonia, 1 with cellulitis, and another with sinusitis. No cases of meningitis or endocarditis were detected. Most episodes were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, and the overall response rate to treatment was 72%. Factors including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alcoholism, prior splenectomy, and neutropenia did not play an important role in these patients' infections. Most of the isolates serotyped were found to be nontypable. The occurrence of ampicillin resistance was 6% throughout the study. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and second-generation cephalosporins were all effective therapeutic regimens. Bacteremia due to Haemophilus species remains an uncommon infection in patients with cancer, despite the predominance of traditional predisposing factors.
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PMID:Haemophilus species bacteremia in patients with cancer. A 13-year experience. 273 Feb 52

34 cases of Listeria monocytogenes endocarditis reported in the literature from 1950-1986 were reviewed. The male to female ratio was 2: 1. The average age was 49 years, and 35% of patients were 60 years of age or older. A single case of polymicrobial endocarditis was identified. There were 8 cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Left-sided cardiac involvement predominated, with only a single case of right-sided endocarditis reported. Aortic and mitral valvular involvement accounted for 32 and 29% of cases respectively. Underlying cardiac disease was present in over half of the cases, with rheumatic heart disease being the most common underlying cardiac condition. Noncardiac underlying conditions were found in 38% of cases. These included chronic hemodialysis, alcoholism, pregnancy, malignancies, diabetes mellitus, steroid therapy and malnutrition. Onset of the disease was varied as was initial presentation. There was a high incidence of vascular phenomena (59%), with large vessel emboli seen late in the course of many cases. Many cases were diagnosed late. Overall mortality was 50%. Treatment of listeria endocarditis varied from case to case. A review of in vitro and in vivo studies as well as case reports suggests that ampicillin or penicillin plus an aminoglycoside may be the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes endocarditis: a review of the literature 1950-1986. 305 15

The group B streptococcus has been shown to be a major cause of meningitis in the newborn and an occasional cause of endocarditis and sepsis in postpartum women. Little attention has been devoted to this organism as a cause of bacterial endocarditis. Twelve patients with group B streptococcal endocarditis were seen at The Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, between 1974 and 1985. There were seven women, five men. Ages ranged from 32 to 81 years. Serious underlying disease was present in all - diabetes mellitus in seven, carcinoma in three (bladder in two, and breast in one), alcoholism in three, malnutrition in two, heroin addiction in one, tuberculosis in one, serious prior valvular heart disease in two. The aortic valve was affected in four patients - mitral in two, mitral and aortic in one, tricuspid in four, unknown in one. The presentation was acute in seven patients. Metastatic infection occurred in seven, heart failure in six, major emboli in four, septic pericarditis in one, myocardial abscess in one. The group B streptococcus should be considered as a pathogen capable of causing acute endocarditis in certain patients with defects of host defense, particularly patients with diabetes mellitus, carcinoma or alcoholism. Cardiac surgery may be necessary in these patients due to the rapid destruction of the valves which occurs, in spite of the fact that the organisms are usually highly susceptible to penicillin.
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PMID:Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) endocarditis--a description of twelve cases and review of the literature. 330 82

A chronic alcoholic who had casual contact with dogs developed subacute tricuspid endocarditis caused by the unusual gram-negative bacillus dysgonic fermenter type 2 (DF-2). Despite recurrent pulmonary emboli, the patient had an apparent successful response to 6 weeks of penicillin therapy. Two weeks after discharge, he experienced congestive heart failure necessitating tricuspid valvulectomy. No evidence of active infection was found in tissue removed at surgery. Despite the achievement of a bacteriologic cure, surgery for residual valve damage is not uncommon in endocarditis, regardless of the microbial etiology. In this case, alcoholism was the only risk factor predisposing to infection presumably contracted from exposure to dogs.
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PMID:Native valve endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter type 2 bacilli. 340 81


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