Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS), loss of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-3 correlates with immune cell infiltration into the CNS and BBB leakiness. Here we show that sealing BBB TJs by ectopic tetracycline-regulated expression of the TJ protein claudin-1 in Tie-2 tTA//TRE-claudin-1 double transgenic C57BL/6 mice had no influence on immune cell trafficking across the BBB during EAE and furthermore did not influence the onset and severity of the first clinical disease episode. However, expression of claudin-1 did significantly reduce BBB leakiness for both blood borne tracers and endogenous plasma proteins specifically around vessels expressing claudin-1. In addition, mice expressing claudin-1 exhibited a reduced disease burden during the chronic phase of EAE as compared to control littermates. Our study identifies BBB TJs as the critical structure regulating BBB permeability but not immune cell trafficking into CNS during EAE, and indicates BBB dysfunction is a potential key event contributing to disease burden in the chronic phase of EAE. Our observations suggest that stabilizing BBB barrier function by therapeutic targeting of TJs may be beneficial in treating MS, especially when anti-inflammatory treatments have failed.
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PMID:Claudin-1 induced sealing of blood-brain barrier tight junctions ameliorates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2198 42

The regulation of angiogenesis was studied over the course of the animal model of multiple sclerosis, acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice using immunohistochemistry. During EAE, angiogenesis peaked 21 days after disease induction, with significant increases in gray matter and adjacent to the leptomeninges. Angiogenesis correlated with clinical and pathologic scores. Spinal cord expression of angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) by neurons and glia was reduced at Day 14, but expression by inflammatory cells restored earlier levels at Day 21. Angiopoietin 2 expression increased markedly at Day 21 and was mostly associated with inflammatory cells. Levels of the angiopoietin receptor Tie-2 were reduced at Day 14, but recovered by day D21. Double labeling demonstrated Ang-1 expression on infiltrating CD3-positive T cells; Ang-2 was expressed by monocytes/macrophages. During EAE, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor peaked at Day 14 and began to decrease by Day 21. Double labeling showed expression of Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 but not Ang-2 in blood vessels at Day 21. Vascular permeability increased early in EAE, but was reduced by Day 21. Although individual values did not correlate with angiogenesis, the volume of permeable tissue showed a weak positive correlation with angiogenesis. These temporal changes in angiogenic factors suggest an integral role during EAE-related angiogenesis.
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PMID:Angiogenesis is regulated by angiopoietins during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and is indirectly related to vascular permeability. 2208 62

Leukocyte entry into the CNS is a crucial step in the development of multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Adhesion molecules mediating the docking of leukocytes to the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represent valuable targets for interference with the disease. However, little is known about the adhesion and signaling mechanisms in endothelial cells that mediate the diapedesis through the BBB. Here, we show that conditional Tie-2-Cre driven gene inactivation of CD99L2 inhibits leukocyte entry into the CNS during active MOG35-55 -induced EAE and alleviates severity of the disease. No detrimental effect on the immune response was observed. The number of perivascular cuffs around vessels of the CNS was reduced, as was the number of inflammatory foci, sites of demyelination and expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Three-dimensional analysis of vibratome sections of the CNS revealed an accumulation of leukocytes between endothelial cells and the underlying basement membrane, whereas leukocyte docking to the luminal surface of the endothelium of the BBB was unaffected. Collectively, these results suggest that CD99L2 participates in the development of EAE by supporting diapedesis of leukocytes through the endothelial basement membrane of blood vessels of the BBB in the CNS.
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PMID:CD99L2 deficiency inhibits leukocyte entry into the central nervous system and ameliorates neuroinflammation. 2979 Oct 26