Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in dogs within seven days after immunization with encephalytogenic emulsion and in an acute period of the disease arginine-esterase and kallikreine activities were increased by 68% and 218%, respectively; antitryptic activity was simultaneously decreased in blood serum. If the symptoms of the disease were less distinct and also in animals, which were treated with Freund's stimulator, alterations in activity of the enzymes studied were found to be negligible.
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PMID:[Arginine esterase, kalnikreine and antitryptic activities in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in dogs]. 121 Jan 3

Bovine coronavirus (BCV) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) from swine were found to grow to high titers in MDCK I cells, a subline of Madin Darby canine kidney cells. Virus grown in these cells was used to isolate and purify the HE-protein. This protein has been shown recently to have acetylesterase activity and to function as the receptor-destroying enzyme of BCV. Here we show that HEV contains this enzyme, too. The glycoproteins were solubilized by treatment of virions with octylglucoside. Following centrifugation through a sucrose gradient the surface proteins S and HE (hemagglutinin-esterase) were obtained in purified form. After removal of the detergent by dialysis, HE formed rosettes as shown by electron microscopy. The purified HE protein retained acetylesterase activity and was able to function as a receptor-destroying enzyme rendering red blood cells resistant against agglutination by both coronaviruses. HE protein released from the viral membrane failed to agglutinate red blood cells. However, it was found to recognize glycoconjugates containing N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid as indicated by a binding assay with rat serum proteins blotted to nitrocellulose and by its ability to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of BCV, HEV, and influenza C virus. The purified enzyme provides a useful tool for analyzing the cellular receptors for coronaviruses.
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PMID:Isolated HE-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity. 198 49

We prepared RNA probes from cloned segments of human and murine enteroviruses (EVs) for in situ hybridization of skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis, other inflammatory myopathies, and noninflammatory muscle diseases, and from normal control subjects. A probe derived from Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) detected viral RNA within mononuclear cells of the interstitial connective tissue in 3 of 5 patients with adult-onset DM. None of these patients showed positive hybridization to probes derived from human EVs (poliovirus type 1 and Coxsackie virus B3) applied to subjacent sections of the same biopsies. The remaining 2 adult DM patients, 4 patients with childhood-onset DM, and 24 non-DM patients did not react with either TMEV or human enterovirus probes. Histochemical stains for esterase and immunoperoxidase stains for Mac-1 antigen in the 3 DM patients who reacted positively revealed positive cells in the same distribution as, but in far greater number than, those positive by in situ hybridization. Immunoperoxidase staining for HLA-DR antigens revealed positive cells in the same distribution and number as were seen with the TMEV probe. We conclude that an EV-like agent, more closely related to TMEV than to human EVs, may be associated with DM and that this agent is probably localized within muscle macrophages that express class II major histocompatibility complex antigens.
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PMID:Evidence for a novel picornavirus in human dermatomyositis. 254 50

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the experimental models of human demyelinating diseases and recently is regarded also as a useful model for studying cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Because of the possibility of induction of systemic changes in this model, we investigated enzymatic changes in serum and main organs of the diseases animals, including brain, spinal cord, limb muscle, heart muscle, spleen, liver and kidney. The enzymes measured consisted of 7 aminopeptidases, 5 endopeptidases, 3 glycosidases, creatine kinase, phosphatase and esterase. Significant changes of many enzymatic activities occurred in all the organs tested in 1 to 2 weeks after the administration of EAE antigen, myelin basic protein (MBP). Interesting correlations of the pattern of enzymatic changes were seen among most of the organs tested. Those patterns changed in the course of the 2 weeks and there remained marked changes characteristic for each organ. This model may represent some type of systemic autoimmune diseases.
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PMID:Systemic enzymatic changes in guinea pigs suffering from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 620 4

We tested the activity of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors with immunomodifying actions on the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Of the agents tested the inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase B and esterase gave significant protection against the clinical expression of EAE in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors suppress the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 651 Apr 98

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken from strain 13 guinea pigs in various stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the spinal cords removed for histological examination and meningeal stretch preparations made. CSF cells were counted and characterized by morphological studies, anti-IgG and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining. Approximately 65% of normal CSF lymphocytes were ANAE positive and 10% stained with anti-IgG. No polymorphonuclear leucocytes were seen. Five out of eight relapsing animals had raised cell counts (up to 152/microliters) as did three animals in remission. There was no change in the proportion of various types of CSF cells where increased numbers were recorded. Infiltrating cells in spinal cord sections and meningeal preparations were similarly characterized and the results compared with CSF cells findings. Animals in relapse which had, in addition, macroscopically visible cord plaques showed the most severe infiltrative changes in spinal cord tissue and in the meninges. There were differences between the proportion of various types of CSF cells and meningeal infiltrate cells on ANAE staining reaction. In general there were far more lymphocyte-type cells in the CSF but more monocyte-type cells in meningeal infiltrates.
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PMID:Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: cerebrospinal fluid cytology and a comparison with meningeal and spinal cord pathology. 687 20

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity of spleen cells from BALB/c (H-2d) mice immunized with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) was stimulated in vitro for 7 days. CTL were tested for recognition of target cells infected with either JHMV or vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the four virus structural proteins. Only target cells infected with either JHMV or the vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the JHMV nucleocapsid protein were recognized. Cytotoxic T cell lines were established by limiting dilution from the brains of mice undergoing acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis after infection with JHMV. Twenty of the 22 lines recognized JHMV-infected but not uninfected syngeneic target cells, indicating that they are specific for JHMV. All T-cell lines except one were CD8+. The specificity of the CTL lines was examined by using target cells infected with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the JHMV nucleocapsid, spike, membrane, and hemagglutinin-esterase structural proteins. Seventeen lines recognized target cells expressing the nucleocapsid protein. Three of the JHMV-specific T-cell lines were unable to recognize target cells expressing any of the JHMV structural proteins, indicating that they are specific for an epitope of a nonstructural protein(s) of JHMV. These data indicate that the nucleocapsid protein induces an immunodominant CTL response. However, no CTL activity specific for the nucleocapsid protein could be detected in either the spleens or cervical lymph nodes of mice 4, 5, 6, or 7 days after intracranial infection, suggesting that the CTL response to JHMV infection within the central nervous system may be induced or expanded locally.
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PMID:Characterization of mouse hepatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T cells derived from the central nervous system of mice infected with the JHM strain. 823 Apr 29

We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) at the cellular and molecular levels. AChEI suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, as well as extracellular esterase activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was mediated by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (neuronal); the muscarinic receptor had the opposite effect. Treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with EN101, an anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide, targeted to AChE mRNA, reduced the clinical severity of the disease and CNS inflammation intensity. The results of our experiments suggest that AChEI increase the concentration of extracellular acetylcholine (ACh), rendering it available for interaction with a nicotinic receptor expressed on lymphocytes. Our findings point to a novel role for AChEI which may be relevant in CNS inflammatory diseases such as EAE and multiple sclerosis. They also emphasize the importance of cholinergic balance in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis, in which these drugs are used.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory properties of cholinergic up-regulation: A new role for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. 1633 80

The complete genome sequence of the first equine coronavirus (ECoV) isolate, NC99 strain was accomplished by directly sequencing 11 overlapping fragments which were RT-PCR amplified from viral RNA. The ECoV genome is 30,992 nucleotides in length, excluding the polyA tail. Analysis of the sequence identified 11 open reading frames which encode two replicase polyproteins, five structural proteins (hemagglutinin esterase, spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid) and four accessory proteins (NS2, p4.7, p12.7, and I). The two replicase polyproteins are predicted to be proteolytically processed by three virus-encoded proteases into 16 non-structural proteins (nsp1-16). The ECoV nsp3 protein had considerable amino acid deletions and insertions compared to the nsp3 proteins of bovine coronavirus, human coronavirus OC43, and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, three group 2 coronaviruses phylogenetically most closely related to ECoV. The structure of subgenomic mRNAs was analyzed by Northern blot analysis and sequencing of the leader-body junction in each sg mRNA.
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PMID:Genomic characterization of equine coronavirus. 1770 62

Group 2a of the Coronaviridae family contains human and animal pathogens that include mouse hepatitis virus, rat coronavirus, human respiratory coronaviruses OC43 and the recently identified HKU1 strain, a newly recognized canine respiratory coronavirus, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, equine coronavirus, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and wild-ruminant coronaviruses. The presence of a hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) surface glycoprotein in addition to the viral spike protein is a distinguishing characteristic of most group 2a coronaviruses. BCoV is ubiquitous in cattle worldwide and is an economically significant cause of calf diarrhea, winter dysentery of adult cattle, and respiratory disease in calves and feedlot cattle. We have developed and optimized laboratory diagnostic techniques, including virus isolation in HRT-18 cell cultures, antibody and antigen ELISA, and RT-PCR, for rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnosis of BCoV and related wild ruminant coronaviruses.
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PMID:Detection of group 2a coronaviruses with emphasis on bovine and wild ruminant strains. Virus isolation and detection of antibody, antigen, and nucleic acid. 1905 64


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