Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sequential positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) were performed in an 11-year-old girl who was clinically diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). She had fever, stupor, loss of sight and left hemiparesis on admission to our hospital. X-ray CT (XCT) demonstrated a hypodense lesion in the right fronto-parietal white matter. In the 1st PET study, CBF and CMRO2 were reduced in both hemispheric white and gray matter, particularly in the right fronto-parietal lesion. The XCT abnormality was improved in the subsequent scan when the patient had improved except visual disturbance. When visual disturbance was worsened again, and a new hypodense lesion was appeared in the left frontal white matter on XCT, the 2nd PET study was performed. CBF and CMRO2 were recovered except the left frontal white and gray matter. SPECT study was also performed and the image was almost similar to CBF image of PET scan. The changes and distributions of CBF and CMRO2 were related to her symptoms and clinical course. Reduced CBF and CMRO2 of whole brain is thought to be characteristic of ADEM. From the experiences of this case, PET measurements is useful for the understanding of neuronal functional abnormalities of ADEM, and is more useful for the detection of recovery or relapsing process than XCT.
 ...
PMID:[Positron emission tomography in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a case report]. 235 69

Traditionally, research in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) has focussed on immunological and histopathological aspects. The present review introduces a physiological approach to EAE. As EAE is characterized by many small, focal lesions in the central nervous system (CNS), methods with a high spatial resolution should be used to conduct studies on regional pathophysiology in the condition. Quantitative autoradiography seems an ideal method as it offers, 1) high regional resolution (approximately 50 um), 2) precise quantitation and, 3) a direct correlation between regional histopathology and pathophysiology. By the use of this method, the author has performed studies on 1) regional blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and 2) regional metabolism of energy substrate and related subjects, (i.e. regional cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate and regional pH). Corresponding to the EAE lesions (lymphocytic accumulations), there is a considerable increase in BBB permeability. Metabolism of energy substrate at the lesion sites is severely deranged, which is expressed in a CBF/CMR ratio of 3 ml/mumol compared to the normal 1.5 ml/mumol. No changes in regional pH are seen in the lesions. Unrelated to the lesion sites there is a 50% decrease in blood flow in cerebral cortex. This observation probably reflects a functional decrease in cortical flow due to sensory motor impairment.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiological aspects of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 306 29

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate (rCMR), and regional pH (r-pH) were measured simultaneously in fulminant acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by the use of triple-label autoradiography. No changes were found in the absence of lesions (lymphocytic accumulations). In the lesions, rCBF was 79% increased and rCRM was 13% increased, whereas r-pH was unaltered compared to normal values. The reported changes result in a CBF/CMR ratio of almost 3 in the lesions compared to the normal value of 1.5. The changes may be interpreted as primary disturbances in glucose metabolism, resulting in a secondary increase in CBF. This theory is supported by quoted observations on abnormal morphology and abnormal enzyme content in brain mitochondria in EAE.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous determination of regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and pH in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 365 98