Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heat stimuli, applied to the skin by non-contact radiation pulses emitted by a CO2-laser, activate simultaneously both A-delta (mean conduction velocity 14 m/s) and C-fibres (0.8 m/s), which terminate in the most superficial skin layers. Correspondingly, brief heat stimuli elicit two pain sensations with mean reaction times of about 500 ms and 1400 ms. Similarly, two evoked potential waveforms were observed in the electroencephalogram: the late components N240/P370 and the ultralate components N1050/P1250. The shape of the two components was reproducible in independent samples of healthy volunteers. In patients with dissociated sensory loss, the laser evoked cerebral potentials are affected, depending on the kind of disturbed nerve and tracts. This is shown in patients with syringomyelia, encephalomyelitis disseminata, myelitis, Brown-Sequard syndrome, Wallenberg syndrome. In cases with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I or with neurosyphilis, ultralate potentials are observed as correlates of delayed pain perception in the affected body areas. The laser evoked cerebral potentials reflected the clinical disorder of pain sensitivity in most cases, whereas somatosensory evoked potentials in response to conventional nerve stimuli failed in objectifying the diagnosis. As such, evoked cerebral potentials in response to laser heat stimuli applied to the hairy skin can be used for an overall examination of the functional integrity of peripheral small fibres, anterolateral tracts and thalamocortical projections.
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PMID:Laser-evoked cerebral potentials in the assessment of cutaneous pain sensitivity in normal subjects and patients. 176 52

To determine which of 11 trapping methods best sampled populations of 6 potential epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, we compared New Jersey (NJ) light trap, CDC light trap, CDC with octenol, CDC with CO2, CDC with CO2 plus octenol, American Biophysics light trap with flickering light (AB flicker), AB steady light, AB flicker with octenol, AB flicker with CO2, AB flicker with CO2 plus octenol, and 3 resting boxes. There was no significant difference between CDC and AB light traps (P > 0.05). The addition of octenol increased trap catch with both CDC and AB light traps; however, this increase was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both brands supplemented with CO2 collected more Aedes canadensis, Coquillettidia perturbans, Culex salinarius, and Anopheles spp. than did unbaited light traps (P < 0.05). The addition of octenol to CO2 increased collections of Anopheles spp. and decreased collections of Aedes spp. and Cq. perturbans at some sites, but these changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Resting boxes were best for sampling bloodfed or parous Anopheles spp. The NJ, AB flicker, and AB steady light traps were not effective for sampling potential vectors of EEE virus.
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PMID:Sampling methods for potential epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in Massachusetts. 947 60

To estimate human exposure to potential vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, we compared collections of putative EEE virus vectors from human biting collections with collections from CDC, AB (American Biophysics), and New Jersey light traps and resting boxes in enzootic/epidemic foci of EEE virus in southeastern Massachusetts. Human biting collections caught significantly more host-seeking females than resting boxes or unbaited light traps (P < 0.05). Regression analysis of human biting collections to AB traps supplemented with CO2 could predict 60-70% of the actual human biting risk by Aedes and Coquillettidia perturbans. The AB traps supplemented with CO2 and octenol could predict 65% of Anopheles biting risk. No single sampling method was accurate for predicting human biting risk by Culex salinarius, and no method could predict human biting risk by all potential vectors surveyed.
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PMID:Sampling with light traps and human bait in epidemic foci for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in southeastern Massachusetts. 947 61

During 1995-2000, mosquitoes were collected from sites throughout Rhode Island and tested for the presence of arboviruses. Mosquito trapping was done weekly from June to October with CO2-baited light traps. In all, 186,537 mosquitoes belonging to 7 different genera were collected, of which Coquillettidia perturbans was most abundant. A total of 6,434 pools were processed for arbovirus isolation, from which 193 arboviral isolations were made. These included 109 Highlands J, 71 eastern equine encephalomyelitis, 1 California encephalitis serogroup, 2 Jamestown Canyon, 3 Cache Valley, and 9 Flanders viruses. Our isolations of Flanders virus represent the 1st reported occurrence of this virus in Rhode Island. After the 1999 sudden occurrence of the West Nile virus (WN) in the New York City area, a dead-bird surveillance program was started to test for this virus. Although no isolations of WN were made from mosquitoes, 87 virus isolations were made from a total of 330 wild birds tested. All the WN-infected birds were either American crows or blue jays. Isolation of WN from dead birds marked the 1st documented appearance of this virus in Rhode Island. Significant interannual variation of arbovirus activity in Rhode Island prompted us to examine if climate-associated factors such as rainfall and temperature correlate with virus activity. Total rainfall amounts from May to June were higher than normal in 1996 and 1998. These years showed significantly higher arbovirus activity. Deviations from normal temperature showed low correlation with arbovirus activity during the 6-year study period. Therefore, precipitation appeared to be more important than temperature in predicting arbovirus activity in Rhode Island.
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PMID:Arbovirus surveillance in Rhode Island: assessing potential ecologic and climatic correlates. 1452 38

We set out no. 17 Trinidad traps baited with hamsters at a swamp in Tennessee, where recent eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) equine outbreaks had occurred, to determine which mosquito species at this site were attracted to these traps. We also set out CO2-baited CDC light traps for comparison. Of 11 species present in CO2-baited CDC light traps, only Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Dyar and Knab) blood fed on hamsters in the Trinidad traps. Significantly less Cx. erraticus mosquitoes entered Trinidad traps per trap night (mean = 17.6, median = 6.0) compared with CDC traps (mean = 38.7, median = 35.0). Advantages and disadvantages in using hamster-baited no. 17 Trinidad traps compared with CO2-baited CDC light traps to capture Cx. erraticus mosquitoes are discussed. Further understanding of the feeding behavior and ecology of this potential vector is warranted.
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PMID:Use of hamster-baited no. 17 Trinidad mosquito traps at an eastern equine encephalomyelitis focus in Tennessee. 1964 90