Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of 4 guinea-pigs were immunized with acid extracts prepared from bovine myelin (EF), normal human liver tissue and malignant or benign neoplastic tissues in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA1. The animals were weighed daily and examined for clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). All the animals immunized with EF developed clinical symptoms of EAE within 21 days of the initial immunization, whilst some of the animals immunized with certain tumour extracts developed symptoms which closely resembled those of EAE. Control animals immunized with FCA only remained asymptomatic. Cellular immunity to the various extracts in immunized animals was assessed 20 days after immunization by i.d. skin testing, and upon killing at Day 21 with the direct peritoneal-exudate macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) test. Brains and spinal cords were removed at killing, fixed in formalin and processed for histological examination. I.d. skin testing was shown to be most consistent in demonstrating positive delayed hypersensitivity, whilst the MMI test frequently gave negative results in the presence of pronounced skin responses to specific extracts. Thus it was shown that 3/4 animals immunized with basic proteins extracted from an adenocarcinoma of the lung or related hepatic metastases, and 1/2 animals immunized with an extract of a carcinoma of the breast, gave intense erythema and induration responses 5 mm in diameter 24 h after i.d. challenge with EF. No such response was obtained in animals immunized with basic proteins extracted from normal human liver, any of the other neoplastic tissues, or in control animals immunized with FCA only. Examination of brains and spinal cords from animals immunized with EF revealed dense infiltration by mononuclear cells in the ependyma and choroid plexus of levels in the spinal cord. Examination of brains and spinal cords from animals immunized with the lung-tumour extract or related hepatic metastases which showed demonstrable immunological cross-reactivity with EF in immunized animals, revealed a number of inflammatory changes characterized by dense infiltrates of mononuclear cells sub-ependymally, and perivascular cuffing in the cortex. However, no significant lesions were seen in the spinal cords of these animals. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the 2 tumour extracts exerting this apparent encephalitogenic effect did not reveal proteins within the mol. wt range of EF. Thus the observed pathological effects and cross-reactivity with EF were probably not due to contamination with nervous-tissue components. It is suggested that these tumour extracts may have contained a component or components other than EF, immunologically cross-reactive with EF, and capable of inducing the observed encephalitis.
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PMID:Immunological cross-reactivity between acid extracts of myelin, liver and neoplastic tissues: studies in immunized guinea-pigs. 9 28

Oral administration of 2, 3 or 4 doses of 100 or 250 mg/kg of EN3638 during the incubation period of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis delayed the onset and reduced the incidence and severity of clinical signs and histological lesions. Five doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg effected virtually complete and permanent suppression of clinical signs even after cessation of therapy, and five doses of 250 mg/kg eliminated histological lesions as well. Optimum results required coverage of the entire incubation period regardless of dose level. These results were obtained only when carbonyl iron was used as the adjuvant for production of EAE. When complete Freund's adjuvant was used, EN3638 delayed the onset but had little or no influence on late-developing clinical signs and histologic lesions after cessation of therapy. The permanence of suppression when carbonyl iron was used is related to the absence of an oil depot. Carbonyl iron is a superior adjuvant for drug suppression studies.
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PMID:Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by EN3638: dependence on adjuvants and treatment schedules. 40 21

The in vitro protein synthetic capactiy of brain slices from guinea-pigs in the late stage (17-18 days post-induction) of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was increased over that of Freund's adjuvant injected controls, as determined by the rate of (14C)-leucine incorporation into both tris-soluble and tris-insoluble proteins. All subcellular fractions prepared from incubated slices showed increased incorporation, with a crude nuclear fraction having the largest increase. Isolated brain mitochondria from EAE animals incorporated more amino acid into protein during the late stage of the disease, while isolated microsomes and "pH5 enzymes" show decreased amino acid incorporation compared with controls in the late stage of EAE. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of acidic, soluble proteins isolated from (3H)-leucine labeled nuclear or synaptosomal fractions revealed that increases of incorporation were generalized, and not restricted to a few proteins.
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PMID:Amino acid incorporation into brain subcellular fractions in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 114

Gray matter atrophy has been shown to be a strong correlate to clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its most commonly used animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the relationship between gray mater atrophy and the spinal cord pathology often observed in EAE has never been established. Here EAE was induced in Thy1.1-YFP mice and their brains imaged using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The brains and spinal cords were subsequently optically cleared using Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (CLARITY). Axons were followed 5mm longitudinally in three dimensions in intact spinal cords revealing that 61% of the axons exhibited a mean of 22 axonal ovoids and 8% of the axons terminating in axonal end bulbs. In the cerebral cortex, we observed a decrease in the mean number of layer V pyramidal neurons and a decrease in the mean length of the apical dendrites of the remaining neurons, compared to healthy controls. MRI analysis demonstrated decreased cortical volumes in EAE. Cross-modality correlations revealed a direct relationship between cortical volume loss and axonal end bulb number in the spinal cord, but not ovoid number. This is the first report of the use of CLARITY in an animal model of disease and the first report of the use of both CLARITY and MRI.
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PMID:Bringing CLARITY to gray matter atrophy. 2503 39