Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1987, follow-up studies were conducted on 72 patients who had had meningoradiculitis and encephalomyelitis (8 patients) due to Borrelia burgdorferi 5-27 years previously. These patients had not been treated with antibiotics, either during the acute disease or during the interval prior to follow-up studies. The patients had exhibited the typical symptoms of Bannwarth's syndrome during the acute phase. At the follow-up studies, 33 patients showed no, and 23 only mild, clinical residual symptoms including normal CSF findings and low-positive serum IgG borrelia antibody titres (IFT; ELISA). Three patients without sequelae exhibited persistent intrathecal secretion of oligoclonal B. burgdorferi-specific CSF IgG antibodies (Immunoblot; positive borrelia CSF IgG antibody titres). Thirteen patients exhibited mild-to-medium sequelae with persistent intrathecal formation of oligoclonal B. burgdorferi-specific CSF IgG antibodies, up to 21 years after the acute illness. This persistence can be interpreted as an "immunological scar syndrome". Our follow-up studies appear to indicate that neurological manifestations of B. burgdorferi infections are generally (with few exceptions) of a benign nature. Most patients can be classified as having been cured without antibiotic therapy. No late manifestations of chronic progressive CNS borreliosis comparable to that of neurosyphilis have been seen following acute untreated neuroborreliosis.
J Neurol 1989 Sep
PMID:Meningoradiculitis and encephalomyelitis due to Borrelia burgdorferi: a follow-up study of 72 patients over 27 years. 279 99

We have isolated two plaque size variants of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) strain DA. One variant, TMEV-CL (CL), produced large plaques, while the other, TMEV-DS (DS), produced small plaques in L-2 cells. The DS variant yielded a lower titre in BHK cells and had a significantly slower growth rate when compared to CL and DA. In contrast, DS replicated to a higher titre in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected mice than the large plaque counterpart and DA. Furthermore, the DS (but not CL) variant was temperature-sensitive, replicating 130- to 500-fold more at 37 degrees C than at 39 degrees C. Although DS, CL and DA were able to establish persistent CNS infections in mice, only the DS variant and DA induced demyelinating disease in SJL/J mice. Therefore persistence of TMEV in the CNS is not sufficient to produce demyelinating disease. These two variants of the DA strain of TMEV will be useful for study of the viral genetic elements important in the mechanism of virus-induced demyelination.
J Gen Virol 1988 Sep
PMID:Isolation and characterization of two plaque size variants of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (DA strain). 284 40

An antineuronal autoantibody has been identified in serum from 14 patients, 8 women and 6 men, with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and a neurologic disorder. Neurologic symptoms began prior to diagnosis of the SCLC in 12 patients. The dominant neurologic disorder was a subacute sensory neuronopathy (SSN) in eight patients, SSN plus lower motor neuron weakness (2 patients), SSN plus autonomic neuropathy (1 patient), cerebellar ataxia (1 patient), myelopathy (1 patient), and multifocal nervous system disease (encephalomyelitis) in one patient. The presence of the same autoantibody in patients with SSN, encephalomyelitis, and autonomic neuropathy suggests that these diseases are different manifestations of the same nosologic process. With one exception, treatment of the tumor, immunosuppressive drugs, and plasmapheresis did not influence the course of the neurologic illness. The autoantibody was not identified in sera from more than 400 controls subjects, including patients with SSN associated with other tumors, SSN without malignancy, other paraneoplastic syndromes, and SCLC without neurologic symptoms. The autoantibody is a highly specific marker of the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with SCLC and its detection in a patient not known to have cancer should prompt a careful search for SCLC.
Neurology 1988 Sep
PMID:Autoantibodies in paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small-cell lung cancer. 284 2

NK cells mediate their cytotoxicity against tumor cells through abroad array of cytotoxic and cytostatic proteins. We investigated whether specific proteins could also be identified that contributed to NK cell-mediated antiviral immunity. Human CD16+/CD3- NK cells were obtained by using FACS and subsequently cloned by using limiting dilution. These NK cell lines, which were cytotoxic against NK-sensitive tumor targets and virally infected cells, also generated supernatants that selectively killed vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells while sparing noninfected cells. This soluble antiviral activity was completely neutralized by antibodies specific for TNF and lymphotoxin. Purified human rTNF also duplicated this specific cytotoxicity against vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells, as well as against CMV-, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-, and HSV-infected cells. The degree of cytotoxicity varied for the different viruses and depended on the cell type infected. These results suggest that NK cells can mediate selective and direct cytotoxicity against virally infected cells by the secretion of TNF and lymphotoxin.
J Immunol 1988 Sep 15
PMID:Tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin secretion by human natural killer cells leads to antiviral cytotoxicity. 284 93

A prospective field study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared to virus isolation in cell culture for the detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in naturally infected mosquitoes. A total of 10,811 adult female Culiseta melanura were collected in light traps during 1985 from four locations in Maryland. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated from 5 of 495 mosquito pools in African green monkey kidney and baby hamster kidney cell cultures. All five virus-infected pools were detected by the EIA, and all 490 uninfected pools were correctly scored as not containing virus. The EIA did not produce false positive or false negative results. Results support the assertion of previous researchers that the antigen detection EIA is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and simple alternative to traditional bioassays for the detection of EEE virus in mosquitoes.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1987 Sep
PMID:A prospective field evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay: detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen in pools of Culiseta melanura. 290 60

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive progressive demyelination disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA). However, there exist individuals with low ASA activity without clinical symptoms. This state is described as ASA pseudodeficiency (PD). A number of patients with low ASA activity and various neuropsychiatric symptoms have been observed. It is controversial to what extent low ASA activity predisposes for neurological and/or psychiatric symptomatology. Therefore, persons with low ASA activity who were collected from a large-scale screening among neuropsychiatric patients and healthy controls are presently being extensively evaluated using biochemical, genetic, and clinical methods. Here we present a female patient, who had been first hospitalized with the diagnosis encephalomyelitis disseminata. Her ASA activity determined in fibroblast extracts is intermediate between adult MLD and PD. Sulfatide degradation in cultured fibroblasts is diminished. The subunit pattern obtained after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting was determined in the index patient and 2 sibs. It is compatible with a compound genotype ASA-/ASAp in the index case. It appears probable that in this patient low ASA activity leads to the accumulation of sulfatide and either causes the appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms or at least contributes to the demyelination process.
Am J Med Genet 1988 Sep
PMID:Probable metachromatic leukodystrophy/pseudodeficiency compound heterozygote at the arylsulfatase A locus with neurological and psychiatric symptomatology. 290 25

Demyelination induced by Theiler's virus was examined in nonrecombinant H-2 congeneic strains of mice on common backgrounds expressing independent haplotypes. Light and electron microscopy of spinal cord sections from mice with s, f, p, r, v, or q haplotypes on a C57BL/10 background showed perivascular inflammation and multifocal areas of demyelination in the white matter. The demyelination in these mice was usually associated with clinical neurologic deficits. In contrast, mice with identical genetic backgrounds but b, k, or d haplotypes showed no pathologic or clinical abnormalities. Qa or Tla haplotypes did not appear to influence demyelination. The observations support the hypothesis that susceptibility to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelination is influenced by genes that are linked to the H-2 complex. The findings suggest that the demyelination may be mediated by immune cells rather than being a direct cytolytic effect of virus on oligodendrocytes.
J Immunol 1985 Sep
PMID:Demyelination induced by Theiler's virus: influence of the H-2 haplotype. 299 80

Prazosin, an antagonist of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, has been found to suppress the clinical and histological expression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the Lewis rat. Suppression was more significant in females than in males and was a dose-dependent phenomenon. Analysis of the effect of other adrenergic receptor antagonists supports the conclusion that the suppressive effect of prazosin is a consequence of blockade of the alpha 1-receptor since treatment with either the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine or the beta-antagonist propranolol exacerbated the disease, whereas treatment with the long-acting mixed alpha 1/alpha 2-antagonist phenoxybenzamine had some suppressive activity. Treatment with prazosin was also able to suppress clinical and histological signs of EAE in animals sensitized by adoptive transfer with activated spleen or lymph node cells. Whether prazosin acts through altering vascular permeability or the immune response, or both, remains to be determined.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985 Sep
PMID:Prazosin, an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. 299 53

Powassan virus strain M794, a member of the Flavivirus genus known to infect man and animals in Canada, was inoculated intracerebrally into rabbits and horses. No clinical signs were observed in rabbits, but widespread encephalitis resulted, characterized by lymphoid perivascular cuffing, lymphocytic meningitis, and lymphocytic choroiditis. In horses, eight days after inoculation, prominent neurological signs occurred and lesions were those of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis, neuronal necrosis, and focal parenchymal necrosis. The virus could not be reisolated from the rabbit or horse brains. Pathologic features, useful in separating some of the common North American equine neurological diseases, are discussed.
Vet Pathol 1985 Sep
PMID:Powassan viral encephalitis: a review and experimental studies in the horse and rabbit. 299 3

An ELISA for measuring serum antibody against avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) was evaluated for its application to the diagnosis and control of avian encephalomyelitis (AE). A scoring system was developed for this ELISA (AE ELISA-Index) so that the overall level of antibody in the flock could be presented in a single, convenient number. During suspected outbreaks of disease thought to have been caused by AEV infection, the AE ELISA-Index increased in sequential serum samples. High levels of antibody against AEV were measured in 13 flocks experiencing egg productivity problems. Variable levels of antibody activity against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were also observed in 11 of these flocks. The AE ELISA-Index was correlated with the embryo susceptibility test. Application of the AE ELISA has indicated that natural exposure to the virus does not occur in all flocks, and vaccination failures were detected sufficiently early for revaccination to be administered before the onset of lay.
Aust Vet J 1986 Sep
PMID:The application of the ELISA to the diagnosis and control of avian encephalomyelitis. 302 2


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